Ffocws dysgu
Dysga sut i ddechrau meithrin cywirdeb wrth siarad, ee dechrau defnyddio ffurfiau safonol berfau sy鈥檔 berthnasol i鈥檙 cyd-destun a鈥檜 rhedeg.
Mae'r wers hon yn cynnwys:
- un fideo
- dau weithgaredd
Learning focus
Learn to begin to show accuracy in speech, eg begin to use standard forms of verbs that are suitable to the context and conjugate them.
This lesson includes:
- one video
- two activities
For an English version of this lesson, scroll below.
Berfau
Mae berf yn dweud tri pheth sef:
- beth
- pryd
- pwy
Deall amseroedd y ferf
Mae gwahanol amseroedd i'r ferf:
- presennol (hynny yw, beth sy'n digwydd nawr)
- dyfodol (hynny yw, beth sydd yn mynd i ddigwydd)
- gorffennol (hynny yw, beth sydd wedi digwydd yn barod)
Mae gan bob berf amser a pherson, er enghraifft:
Ffurf 'cysgu' (beth) | Amser (pryd) | Person (pwy) |
---|---|---|
cysgaf i | presennol/dyfodol | person cyntaf unigol, hynny yw 'fi' |
cysgaist ti | gorffennol | ail berson unigol, hynny yw 'ti' |
cysgodd hi | gorffennol | trydydd person unigol, hynny yw 'hi' |
Rhedeg berfau
Rwyt ti'n gallu defnyddio berfau yn y ffordd hir (y ffurf gwmpasog) neu'r ffordd fer (y ffurf gryno).
Y ffurf gwmpasog
Fel arfer, rydyn ni鈥檔 defnyddio'r ffurf gwmpasog wrth sgwrsio, neu wrth ysgrifennu neges e-bost neu ddyddiadur personol.
Dyma enghraifft o ffurfiau cwmpasog y ferf 鈥榖辞诲鈥 gan ddefnyddio'r berfenw 'prynu'.
Presennol | Dyfodol | Gorffennol | |
---|---|---|---|
Rydw i'n prynu | Byddaf i'n prynu | Rydw i wedi prynu | |
Rwyt ti'n prynu | Byddi di'n prynu | Rwyt i wedi prynu | |
Mae e'n/o'n/hi'n prynu | Bydd e'n/o'n/hi'n prynu | Mae e/o/hi wedi prynu | |
Rydyn ni'n prynu | Byddwn ni'n prynu | Rydyn ni wedi prynu | |
Rydych chi'n prynu | Byddwch chi'n prynu | Rydych chi wedi prynu | |
Maen nhw'n prynu | Byddan nhw'n prynu | Maen nhw wedi prynu |
Y ffurf gryno
Mae ffurf gryno y ferf yn fwy ffurfiol, felly dyma'r ffurf orau ar gyfer ysgrifennu llythyr neu roi cyflwyniad llafar o flaen y dosbarth.
Dyma enghraifft o ffurf gryno y ferf 鈥榩谤测苍耻鈥.
Wyt ti'n gallu gweld bod y ffurfiau presennol a'r dyfodol yr un fath?
Presennol/Dyfodol | Gorffennol | |
---|---|---|
Prynaf i | Prynais i | |
Pryni di | Prynaist ti | |
Pryniff e/o/hi neu Prynith e/o/hi | Prynodd e/o/hi | |
Prynwn ni | Prynom ni | |
Prynwch chi | Prynoch chi | |
Prynan nhw | Prynon nhw |
Paid 芒 phoeni os wyt ti'n cael trafferth gyda'r ffurf gryno, achos mae'n iawn i ddefnyddio ffurf gwmpasog y ferf (sef y ffurf hir) yn lle, hyd yn oed wrth siarad ac ysgrifennu'n ffurfiol.
Fideo
Yn y fideo, mae Joseff a Mali yn chwarae g锚m fideo ar-lein. Mae pob lap yn y g锚m yn gysylltiedig ag amser y ferf yn y ffurf gryno - y gorffennol, presennol a鈥檙 dyfodol.
Nodiadau ar gyfer rhieni
Ar 么l gwylio'r fideo, bydd disgyblion yn gallu:
- adnabod ffurfiau berfol yn y presennol, dyfodol a'r gorffennol
- defnyddio ffurfiau berfol yn y presennol, dyfodol a'r gorffennol yn hyderus
Gweithgaredd 1
Noda pa un yw'r ffurf gwmpasog a pha un yw'r ffurf gryno.
- Rydw i wedi prynu.
- Prynais i.
- Cysgodd ef.
- Mae ef wedi cysgu.
- Edrychan nhw.
- Maen nhw'n edrych.
Gweithgaredd 2
Beth yw ffurfiau cryno鈥檙 berfau canlynol?
Verbs
A verb says three things:
- what
- when
- who
Understanding verb tenses
Verbs have different tenses:
- present (what is happening now)
- future (what is going to happen)
- past (what has already happened)
Every verb has a tense and a person, eg:
Form of 鈥榗ysgu鈥 - 'to sleep' - (what) | Tense (when) | Person (who) |
---|---|---|
cysgaf i (I sleep/I will sleep) | present/future | first person singular, 鈥榤e鈥 |
cysgaist ti (you slept) | past | second person singular, 鈥榶ou鈥 |
cysgodd hi (she slept) | past | third person singular, 鈥榮he鈥 |
Conjugating verbs
You can use verbs the long way (ffurf gwmpasog) or the short way (ffurf gryno).
Long form
We usually use the long form when chatting, or writing a personal e-mail or diary.
Here鈥檚 an example of the verb 鈥榖辞诲鈥 (鈥榯o be鈥) in the long form using the verb-noun 'prynu' (to buy).
Presennol | Dyfodol | Gorffennol | |
---|---|---|---|
Rydw i'n prynu (I am buying / I buy) | Byddaf i'n prynu (I will buy) | Rydw i wedi prynu (I have bought) | |
Rwyt ti'n prynu (You are buying / You buy) | Byddi di'n prynu (You will buy) | Rwyt i wedi prynu (You have bought) | |
Mae e'n/o'n/hi'n prynu (He/she is buying / He/she buys) | Bydd e'n/o'n/hi'n prynu (He/she will buy) | Mae e/o/hi wedi prynu (He/she has bought) | |
Rydyn ni'n prynu (We are buying / We buy) | Byddwn ni'n prynu (We will buy) | Rydyn ni wedi prynu (We have bought) | |
Rydych chi'n prynu (You (plural) are buying / You buy) | Byddwch chi'n prynu (You (plural) will buy) | Rydych chi wedi prynu (You (plural) have bought) | |
Maen nhw'n prynu (They are buying / They buy) | Byddan nhw'n prynu (They will buy) | Maen nhw wedi prynu (They have bought) |
Short form
Short form verbs are more formal, so this is the best form to use when writing a letter or giving an oral presentation in front of the class.
Here鈥檚 an example of the verb 鈥榩谤测苍耻鈥 (鈥榯o buy鈥) in the short form.
Can you see that the present and future forms are the same?
Present/Future | Past | |
---|---|---|
Prynaf i (I buy) | Prynais i (I bought) | |
Pryni di (You buy) | Prynaist ti (You bought) | |
Pryniff e/o/hi neu Prynith e/o/hi (He/she buys) | Prynodd e/o/hi (He/she bought) | |
Prynwn ni (We buy) | Prynom ni (We bought) | |
Prynwch chi (You (plural) buy) | Prynoch chi (You (plural) bought) | |
Prynan nhw (They buy) | Prynon nhw (They bought) |
Don't worry if you struggle with short form verbs, because it's ok to use long form verbs instead, even when speaking and writing formally.
Video
In the video, Joseff and Mali are playing an online video game. Every lap in the game is linked to the past, present or future short forms of the verb.
Notes for parents
After watching the video, students will be able to:
- recognise the different verbal forms in the present, future and past tenses
- confidently use the different verbal forms in the present, future and past tenses
Activity 1
Note down which is the long form and which is the short form of the verb.
- Rydw i wedi prynu. (I have bought.)
- Prynais i. (I bought.)
- Cysgodd ef. (He slept)
- Mae ef wedi cysgu. (He has slept)
- Edrychan nhw. (They're looking.)
- Maen nhw'n edrych. (They're looking.)
Activity 2
What are the short forms of the following verbs?
Hafan 大象传媒 Bitesize
Gwyddoniaeth, Saesneg, Hanes a mwy - mae popeth yma i ti
Cynnwys y tymor hwn
Fideos, cwisiau a gweithgareddau i dy gefnogi yn ystod y tymor hwn
TGAU
Canllawiau dysgu i'r rhai ym mlwyddyn 10 ac 11