Volumes of solutions in reactions
Calculating amounts from concentration and volume
The amount in moleThe amount of substance that contains the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 g of carbon-12 (contains the Avogadro's constant 6.0 脳10虏鲁 number of particles). of a soluteThe dissolved substance in a solution. in a given volume of solutionMixture formed by a solute and a solvent. can be calculated if the concentrationThe concentration of a solution tells us how much of a substance is dissolved in water. The higher the concentration, the more particles of the substance are present. of the solution is known. The mass of solute can then be calculated.
Rearranging the equation for concentration below:
\(Concentration~in~mol/dm^{3}=\frac{amount~of~solute~in~mol}{volume~in~dm^{3}}\)
Gives:
Amount of solute in mol = concentration in mol/dm3 脳 volume in dm3
Example
Calculate the amount of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, in 25.0 cm3 of solution of concentration 0.1 mol/dm3.
Converting the volume from cm3 to dm3, 25.0 cm3 = 25.0 梅 1000 = 0.025 dm3.
Amount of NaOH in mol = concentration in mol/dm3 脳 volume in dm3
= 0.1 mol/dm3 脳 0.025 dm3
= 0.0025 mol
Calculating masses from concentration and volume
If the amount in mol of a solute in a given volume of solution is known, its mass can also be calculated.
Question
For the example above, calculate the mass of NaOH in 25.0 cm3 of solution. (Mr = 40 g)
Mass = amount 脳 relative formula mass
= 0.0025 脳 40
= 0.1 g
More concentration calculations
If the volumes of two solutions that react completely are known, and the concentration of one of the solutions is known, then the concentration of the other solution can be calculated.
Example
25.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, HCl, of concentration 1.0 mol/dm3 reacts with 20.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution. Calculate the concentration of the NaOH solution. The equation for the reaction is HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) 鈫 NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Converting volumes from cm3 to dm3:
- volume of HCl = 25.0 cm3 = 25.0 梅 1000 = 0.025 dm3
- volume of NaOH = 20.0 cm3 = 20.0 梅 1000 = 0.020 dm3
Substituting into the equation to find the amount of HCl in the given volume:
Amount of HCl in mol = concentration in mol/dm3 脳 volume in dm3
= 1.0 mol/dm3 脳 0.025 dm3
= 0.025 mol
The equation shows that 1 mol of HCl reacts with 1 mol of NaOH. So the amount of NaOH in 20.0 cm3 is 0.025 mol.
Substituting into the equation to find the concentration of NaOH:
\(Concentration~of~NaOH/dm^{3}=\frac{amount~of~solute~in~mol}{volume~in~dm^{3}}\)
\(Concentration~of~NaOH/dm^{3}=\frac{0.025~mol}{0.020~dm^{3}}\)
= 1.25 mol/dm3