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Energy systems in muscle cellsOxygen debt and the liver

During exercise when muscles do not get enough oxygen, lactate is produced. After exercise oxygen dept must be repaid. Slow-twitch muscles rely on aerobic respiration. Fast-twitch fibres generate ATP through glycolysis only.

Part of Human BiologyHuman Cells

Oxygen debt and the liver

Oxygen debt

During long periods of vigorous activity:

  • lactate levels accumulate/build up
  • reserves in the muscles become low as more glucose is used for respiration, and additional glucose is transported from the liver.

This build-up of lactate produces an .

As body stores of glycogen become low, the person suffers from muscle fatigue.

After exercise

The body's tolerance of lactate is limited so when a period of exercise is over, lactate acid must be removed.

Lactate is taken to the liver by the blood, and either:

  • oxidised to carbon dioxide and water
  • converted to pyruvate and glucose, then glycogen - glycogen levels in the liver and muscles can then be restored

These processes require oxygen. This is why, when the period of activity is over, a person鈥檚 breathing rate and heart rate do not return to normal straight away.

Taking in the amount of oxygen required to remove the lactate, and replace the body's reserves of oxygen, is called repaying oxygen debt.

When someone who has been exercising pays back an oxygen debt, it can take from a few hours for normal exercise, to several days after a marathon.