How did England defeat the Spanish Armada?
It was bad luck, bad tactics and bad weather that defeated the Spanish Armada
Bad weather was certainly one factor that contributed to the Spanish defeat, but there were other factors too:
| Leaders | The Duke of Medina Sidonia led the Spanish fleet, but he was inexperienced in naval battle and so made some fatal errors in his planning and tactics. |
| Planning | The strength of the Spanish fleet came from its crescent formation plan 鈥 but when the English broke this up with their fire ships, the Spanish became vulnerable and exposed to attack. |
| No reinforcements | The Spanish plan relied on stopping to pick up the Duke of Parma鈥檚 army to boost their numbers, but the fleet was unable to anchor and so never picked them up. |
| Tactics | Spanish tactics were to get close enough to English ships to board them, whereas the English tactic was to attack from a safe distance. |
| Ships | Spanish ships were slower and less equipped for the bad weather than the English ships. |
| Weapons | The English ships had cannon they could fire at a safe distance and could be reloaded quickly. The design of the Spanish cannon meant that they could only fire over short distances and were slow to re-load. |
| Weather | The lack of a secure port where the Spanish could take shelter meant that the Spanish ships were buffeted by the wind. The thinking was that God intervened and the windy weather was a sign that God was on Elizabeth鈥檚 side. |
| Leaders |
| The Duke of Medina Sidonia led the Spanish fleet, but he was inexperienced in naval battle and so made some fatal errors in his planning and tactics. |
| Planning |
| The strength of the Spanish fleet came from its crescent formation plan 鈥 but when the English broke this up with their fire ships, the Spanish became vulnerable and exposed to attack. |
| No reinforcements |
| The Spanish plan relied on stopping to pick up the Duke of Parma鈥檚 army to boost their numbers, but the fleet was unable to anchor and so never picked them up. |
| Tactics |
| Spanish tactics were to get close enough to English ships to board them, whereas the English tactic was to attack from a safe distance. |
| Ships |
| Spanish ships were slower and less equipped for the bad weather than the English ships. |
| Weapons |
| The English ships had cannon they could fire at a safe distance and could be reloaded quickly. The design of the Spanish cannon meant that they could only fire over short distances and were slow to re-load. |
| Weather |
| The lack of a secure port where the Spanish could take shelter meant that the Spanish ships were buffeted by the wind. The thinking was that God intervened and the windy weather was a sign that God was on Elizabeth鈥檚 side. |