大象传媒

Motion - equations and graphs Motion graphs

The motion of objects can be analysed using equations and graphs. These tools allow other aspects of motion such as acceleration and displacement to be determined or modelled.

Part of PhysicsOur dynamic universe

Motion graphs

Displacement-time graph

The gradient of a displacement-time graph at a particular time gives the velocity of the object at that time.

\(\text{Gradient} = \frac{{change\,in\,displacement}}{{change\,{in} \,t}} = \frac{{\Delta s}}{{\Delta t}} = \text{velocity}\)

Velocity-time graph

The gradient of a velocity-time graph at a particular time gives the acceleration of the object at that time.

\(\text{Gradient} = \frac{{change\,in\,velocity}}{{change\,{in} \,t}} = \frac{{\Delta v}}{{\Delta t}} = \text{acceleration}\)

The area under a velocity-time graph gives the displacement.

The velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs for common motions are shown below.

For the constant positive velocity graphs and the constant positive acceleration graphs, the initial displacement is zero and the initial velocity is zero.

For the constant negative acceleration graphs the initial displacement is negative and the initial velocity is positive.

Velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs for constant positive velocity
Velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs for constant positive acceleration
Velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs for constant negative acceleration

Question

Which of the three motion graphs do you think is most useful?