Protein synthesis - Higher
Protein synthesis consists of two stages 鈥 transcription and translation. In transcription the DNA code is read, and in translation the code is used to build up protein molecules.
DNA is a triplet code. Each triplet, a group of three bases, codes for a specific amino acid.
Transcription
The DNA code for a Organic compound made up of amino acid molecules. One of the three main food groups, proteins are needed by the body for cell growth and repair. remains in the The nucleus controls what happens inside the cell. Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of most cells. The plural of nucleus is nuclei., during transcription but a copy, called mRNA, moves from the nucleus to the The site of protein synthesis. where proteins are The production of proteins from amino acids, which happens in the ribosomes of the cell. during translation in the The living substance inside a cell (not including the nucleus).. To make the mRNA the double stranded DNA unzips.
Translation
The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes.
Carrier molecules bring specific The building blocks that make up a protein molecule. to add to the growing protein in the correct order. There are only about 20 different naturally-occurring amino acids. The protein produced depends on the template used, and if this sequence changes a different protein will be made.
Each protein A collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. has hundreds, or even thousands, of amino acids joined together in a unique sequence. It is then folded into a unique shape. This is very important, as it allows the protein to do their jobs, such as enzymes or hormones, and it can form structures within the body, such as collagen.
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Learn more about protein synthesis with Dr Alex Lathbridge.
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Learn about how proteins are made during the processes of transcription and translation.