Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, is a The substance formed when the hydrogen ion in an acid is replaced by a metal ion. used as a A nutrient added to the soil to increase the soil fertility.. It can be manufactured by reacting ammonia solution with nitric acid:
Ammonia + nitric acid 鈫 ammonium nitrate
NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) 鈫 NH4NO3(aq)
Ammonium nitrate is a source of Able to dissolve in solvent. For example, sugar is soluble in water because it dissolves to form sugar solution. nitrogen, so it can be used as a 'nitrogenous' fertiliser.
Making ammonia
Ammonia is manufactured using the The industrial chemical process that makes ammonia by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen together.. This involves a A chemical reaction which can go both ways. between nitrogen and hydrogen:
Nitrogen + hydrogen 鈬 ammonia
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 鈬 2NH3(g)
See more on the Haber process here.
The reaction conditions in the Haber process are:
- a temperature of 450掳C
- a Force exerted over an area. The greater the pressure, the greater the force exerted over the same area. of 200 A unit of pressure., and
- an iron A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction itself.
Making nitric acid
Nitric acid is made from ammonia. Several stages are involved, but overall the process is:
Ammonia + oxygen 鈫 nitric acid + water
NH3(g) + 2O2(g) 鈫 HNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
Question
Explain whether ammonia is The gain of oxygen, or loss of electrons, by a substance during a chemical reaction.or The loss of oxygen, gain of electrons, or gain of hydrogen by a substance during a chemical reaction. when it is converted to nitric acid.
It is oxidised because it reacts with oxygen.