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In addition to the electromagnetic radiation that reaches us from stars we can also detect some very long wavelength microwave radiation which is all around us in space.

This Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) is the conclusive evidence for the Big Bang theory.

The 'temperature' of deep space has been measured as around 3K, not absolute zero, due to the afterglow of the Big Bang.

This radiation is now used to 'map' the early Universe.

The diagram below is a heat map showing that temperature was not evenly distributed.

This is a whole sky Planck space telescope image of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the relic radiation from the Big Bang.

Other support for the Big Bang is Olber’s Paradox.

If the universe had no boundary and no origin, it would be static with an infinite number of stars. There would be no darkness between stars in the night sky and the sky would have a uniform glow with the similar wavelengths of light from stars in any directions.

The Big Bang and subsequent expanding finite universe explains why this is not the case. The abundance of the lighter elements hydrogen and helium in the universe is evidence of the start of the universe with the Big Bang. The process of light element formation in the early universe is called “Big Bang nucleosynthesis”