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Challenges to the rule of Queen Elizabeth I - EduqasMary, Queen of Scots

Elizabeth faced challenges throughout her long reign - from Mary, Queen of Scots, to the Spanish Armada. She was a cautious ruler who acted carefully to preserve England鈥檚 security.

Part of HistoryElizabeth I

Mary, Queen of Scots background and arrival in England

Portrait of Mary, Queen of Scots
Figure caption,
Mary, Queen of Scots

Mary, Queen of Scots was Elizabeth鈥檚 cousin (not to be confused with Mary I, who was Elizabeth鈥檚 sister).

Mary鈥檚 life had been filled with dramatic events. She had become Queen of Scotland in 1542 when she was just six days old.

Her first two husbands died and she was implicated in the second one鈥檚 murder. She was forced to and was imprisoned. She managed to escape and fled to England where she sought from Elizabeth in 1568.

Mary鈥檚 threat to Elizabeth suddenly became more immediate now that she was in the country. In the short term, Elizabeth allowed Mary to live in Carlisle Castle as a closely guarded 鈥榞uest鈥. But now she was faced with a dilemma: what should she do with Mary?

A timeline showing Mary Queen of Scot's key life events

Why did Mary pose a threat to Elizabeth?

Portrait of King Henry VIII.
Figure caption,
King Henry VIII

Mary, Queen of Scots was a threat to Elizabeth鈥檚 rule because she had two claims to the English throne:

  • Many people believed Elizabeth to be and so felt she had no right to be on the throne. (Her father, Henry VIII, had divorced his first wife. didn鈥檛 recognise divorce and so viewed his second marriage to Elizabeth鈥檚 mother as illegal.)
  • Elizabeth had converted England鈥檚 official religion to , leaving many Catholics disgruntled. Mary was a Catholic and many viewed her as their and a rightful replacement to the throne.