大象传媒

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Bacteria are amongst the simplest of organisms - they are made of single cells. Their cell structure is simpler than the cells of animals, plants and fungi.

Cells of animals, plants and fungi are called .

Cells of bacteria are called .

Three different cells - a plant cell, a bacteria cell and an animal cell

The two types of cell compared:

FeatureEukaryotic cellProkaryotic cell
SizeMost are 5 渭m - 100 渭m.Most are 0.2 渭m - 2.0 渭m.
Outer layers of cellCell membrane, surrounded by cell wall in plants and fungi.Cell membrane, surrounded by cell wall.
Cell contentsCytoplasm, cell organelles include mitochondria, ribosomes and chloroplasts in plants.Cytoplasm, ribosomes present; there are no mitochondria or chloroplasts.
Genetic materialDNA in a nucleus, plasmids are found in a few simple eukaryotic organisms.DNA is a single molecule, found free in the cytoplasm; additional DNA is found on one or more rings called plasmids.
FeatureSize
Eukaryotic cellMost are 5 渭m - 100 渭m.
Prokaryotic cellMost are 0.2 渭m - 2.0 渭m.
FeatureOuter layers of cell
Eukaryotic cellCell membrane, surrounded by cell wall in plants and fungi.
Prokaryotic cellCell membrane, surrounded by cell wall.
FeatureCell contents
Eukaryotic cellCytoplasm, cell organelles include mitochondria, ribosomes and chloroplasts in plants.
Prokaryotic cellCytoplasm, ribosomes present; there are no mitochondria or chloroplasts.
FeatureGenetic material
Eukaryotic cellDNA in a nucleus, plasmids are found in a few simple eukaryotic organisms.
Prokaryotic cellDNA is a single molecule, found free in the cytoplasm; additional DNA is found on one or more rings called plasmids.

A group of organisms called are also prokaryotic.