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MetalsChemistry in society

We use metals in everyday life, for example in jewellery or cars. They have many uses due to their properties which include strength, malleability, conduction of electricity and conduction of heat.

Part of ChemistryChemistry in society

Chemistry in society

Metals

Every metal conducts electricity. This is due to the metallic bonding found within metal elements. In metallic bonding, the outer electrons are delocalised (free to move). This produces an electrostatic force of attraction between the positively charged metal ions, and the negatively charged delocalised electrons.

12 metal nuclei are arranged in a tightly packed four by three grid. Their outer electrons are randomly arranged around them in a delocalised "sea".
Figure caption,
The structure of a metal

The ability of metals to conduct electricity stems from their delocalised electrons. As these are free to move, an electrical current can flow through metallic materials.

12 metal nuclei are arranged in a tightly packed four by three grid. Their outer electrons are randomly arranged around them in a delocalised "sea". When an electric current is applied an equal number of electrons flow into, and out from, the grid in a linear manner.

The electrochemical series

When metals form ions, they give away one or more of their outer electrons. Some metals, such as lithium or sodium, lose their electrons very easily. Other metals for example silver or gold do not give away electrons easily. The electrochemical series is a list of metals arranged in rank order of how easily the metal atoms lose electrons.

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