Protein synthesis
Greg Foot explains how the structure of DNA affects the proteins made in DNA synthesis
- The weak bonds connecting the Part of a nucleotide. Four bases (A,T,C, and G) are found in DNA. The base U replaces T in mRNA. in the rungs of the DNA ladder break, 'unzipping' the DNA.
- Free A type of nucleic acid that acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling protein synthesis.The units or molecules of which DNA is composed. pair up with their Refers to the specific way that the bases in DNA pair with each other ( A-T and G-C). bases on the DNA.
- These bases are joined up to make a single-stranded mRNA.
- The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.
- A The site of protein synthesis. attaches to one end of it. As it moves along the mRNA, it reads the code and assembles amino acids in the right order.
The original DNA code for the Organic compound made up of amino acid molecules. One of the three main food groups, proteins are needed by the body for cell growth and repair. remains in the The nucleus controls what happens inside the cell. Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of most cells. The plural of nucleus is nuclei.. Proteins are To construct a larger biological molecule from smaller ones. in the The living substance inside a cell (not including the nucleus).. The structure of the protein produced depends on the template used and if this sequence changes, a different protein will be made.
Each protein A collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. has hundreds, or even thousands, of amino acids joined together in a unique sequence. The molecule is then folded into the correct shape. This is very important, as it allows the protein to do its job. Proteins can be:
- functional - enzymes such as amylase, antibodies, haemoglobin, some hormones
- structural - collagen
Learn more about protein synthesis with Dr Alex Lathbridge.
Listen to the full series on 大象传媒 Sounds.
Learn about how proteins are made during the processes of transcription and translation.