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Scientists often make measurements. The physical quantities they measure fall into two categories: scalars and vectors. Scalar and vector quantities are treated differently in calculations.

The movement of objects can be described using motion graphs and numerical values. These are both used to help in the design of faster and more efficient vehicles.

Resultant forces will cause acceleration, which can be described and calculated using Newton's laws of motion. Weight is caused by the gravitational effect of a planet attracting an object’s mass.

Momentum can be thought of as a combination of mass and velocity. Momentum helps explain some of the most important interactions in nature.

Stopping vehicles as quickly as possible in an emergency is important but many factors affect this. The driver’s reactions and the road and vehicle conditions play a part, as well as mass and speed.

Understanding how to approach exam questions helps boost exam performance. Questions will include multiple choice, descriptions and explanations, using mathematical skills and extended writing.