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The motion of charged particles causes electrical effects, small shocks, lightning and sparks. Electrical fields cause forces to act on charged particles.

Electrical current depends on resistance and potential difference. Different electrical components have different characteristics. These can be investigated using suitable circuits and apparatus.

Electrical current transfers energy around circuits. There are two different types of circuits – series and parallel.

Electrical current transfers energy around circuits. The power is the rate at which a circuit transfers energy.

Magnetism is caused by the fields that exist around magnets. These magnetic fields can be investigated by looking at the effects of the forces they exert on other magnets and magnetic materials.

Electromagnetism is caused by the magnetic fields around wires carrying an electric current. The induced magnetic field of a wire can interact with other nearby magnets, producing a force.

Electromagnetic induction can create a potential difference. This potential difference causes a current, and the effect is used in electricity generation.

Understanding how to approach exam questions helps boost exam performance. Questions will include multiple choice, descriptions and explanations, using mathematical skills and extended writing.