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Waves are one way in which energy may be transferred between stores. Both mechanical and electromagnetic waves will transfer energy but not matter.

All waves will reflect and refract in the right circumstances. The differences in transmission and absorption at material boundaries depend on the materials.

Sound is caused by the vibration of particles, but not all vibrations can be heard as sound. Common ideas about sound come from the limited range of vibrations that human ears can detect.

Understanding how to approach exam questions helps boost exam performance. Questions will include multiple choice, descriptions and explanations, using mathematical skills and extended writing.