大象传媒

Thug na Lochlannaich buaidh air a鈥� Gh脿idhlig. Ach an tug na G脿idheil buaidh air Lochlannais? Uill, thug gu 矛re bheag. Bha mi ann an Innis T矛le o chionn ghoirid. Tha deasbad a鈥� dol an sin 鈥� d猫 a鈥� bhuaidh a thug na G脿idheil air an eilean?

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 Sgr矛obh na T矛lich na faoinsgeulan m貌ra aca nan c脿nan fh猫in. Cha do rinn sluagh Lochlannach eile sin. Carson? Bha na G脿idheil, gu s貌nraichte na h-脠ireannaich, a鈥� d猫anamh an aon rud. An tug na G脿idheil buaidh air na T矛lich mar sin?

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 Ma thug, ciamar a rinn iad e? Uill, tha tr矛 d貌ighean ann. Anns a鈥� chiad dol a-mach le Lochlannaich a chaidh a dh鈥檉huireach ann an Innis T矛le 脿 Alba no 脠irinn. Bha na daoine sin air tighinn fo bhuaidh nan G脿idheal.

Anns an d脿rna 脿ite, le ceangl-aichean cultarach a bha air an d猫anamh ann an ceann a tuath na h-Alba agus Arcaibh. Ann an sin, bha G脿idheil is Lochlannaich a鈥� coinneachadh ri ch猫ile.

Agus an treas d貌igh 鈥� le G脿idheil a chaidh a dh鈥檉huireach ann an Innis T矛le. Bha cuid dhiubh nan tr脿illean. Bha cuid dhiubh nam mnathan aig Lochlannaich. Agus 鈥檚 d貌cha gun robh feadhainn ann, aig an robh G脿idhlig mar ch脿nan, a chaidh a dh鈥檉huireach ann gu saor-thoileach.

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 Tha facal no dh脿 ann an T矛lis an-diugh a thathar a鈥� smaoineachadh a th脿inig bhon Gh脿idhlig. Tha am facal kapall aca, a鈥� ciallachadh 鈥渓脿ir鈥� no 鈥渆ach boireann鈥�. Th脿inig sin bhon Gh脿idhlig capall. Tha am facal tarfur aca, a鈥� ciallachadh 鈥渢arbh鈥�. Th脿inig sin bhon Gh脿idhlig tarbh.

Tha ainm pearsanta no dh脿 ann cuideachd. 鈥橲 e eisimpleir 狈箩谩濒濒 a th脿inig 脿 Niall. Tha 狈箩谩濒濒 ainmeil mar ainm ann an Innis T矛le. Tha faoinsgeul ann 鈥� Nj谩lsaga 鈥� sgeulachd N猫ill.

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 Ach th猫id sinn air ais don toiseach. Nuair a chaidh na Lochlannaich a dh鈥橧nnis T矛le an toiseach, bha daoine ann mu thr脿th. 鈥橲 e G脿idheil a bha annta. Tha an 脥蝉濒别苍诲颈苍驳补产贸办 ag innse dhuinn, nuair a chaidh na Lochlannaich ann an toiseach, ann an ochd ceud is seachdad (870), gun robh d矛threabhaich Gh脿idhealach ann mu thr脿th. 鈥橲 e papar a bha aig na Lochlannaich orra. Bheir sinn s霉il orrasan an-ath-sheachdain.

The Norse influenced the Gaelic language. But did the Gaels influence the Norse language? Well, yes, to a small degree. I was in Iceland recently. There is a debate going on there 鈥� what effect did the Gaels have on the island?

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 The Icelanders wrote the sagas in their own language. No other Nordic people did that. Why? The Gaels, particularly the Irish, were doing the same thing. Did the Gaels influence the Icelanders in that way?

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 If they did, how did they do it? Well, there are three ways. In the first instance by Norsemen who went to live in Iceland from Scot-land or Ireland. Those people had come under the influence of the Gaels.

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 In the second place, through cultural ties that were made in northern Scotland and Orkney. There, Gaels and Norsemen were meeting each other.

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 And the third way 鈥� through Gaels that went to live in Iceland. Some of them were slaves. Some of them were wives of Norsemen. And perhaps there were a few Gaelic speakers who went to live there voluntarily.

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 There are a couple of words in Icelandic that are thought to have come from Gaelic. They have the word kapall, meaning a 鈥渕are鈥� or 鈥渇emale horse鈥�. That came from the Gaelic capall. They have the word tarfur, meaning 鈥渂ull鈥�. That came from the Gaelic tarbh.

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 There are a couple of personal names also. 狈箩谩濒濒 is an example; it came from Niall. 狈箩谩濒濒 is famous as a name in Iceland. There is a saga 鈥� Nj谩lsaga 鈥� Niall鈥檚 saga.

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 But we鈥檒l go back to the beginning. When the Norse first went to Iceland, there were already people there. They were Gaels. The 脥蝉濒别苍诲颈苍驳补产贸办 tells us, when the Vikings went there at first in the year 870, that there were Gaelic hermits already there. The Norse called them papar. We鈥檒l look at them next week.