大象传媒

Ghineadh iad is rugadh iad,

Is thogadh iad is dh鈥檉h脿s

Chaidh str脿c dhen t-saoghal thairis orr鈥�,

鈥橲 mu dheireadh, fhuair iad b脿s.

鈥橲 e b脿rd ainmeil a sgr矛obh a鈥� chriomag sin de bh脿rdachd. Agus innsidh mi dhuibh c貌 bh鈥� ann nas fhaide dhen Litir. Ach bu mhath leam na briathran seo a chleachdadh mar dh貌igh gus sealltainn nach eil a鈥� chasaid 鈥� gu bheil a鈥� Gh脿idhlig gu math briathrach mar ch脿nan, is gun cleachd i deich fhaclan far an d猫anadh seachd a鈥� ch霉is ann am Beurla - an-c貌mhnaidh f矛or.

Ghineadh iad is rugadh iad is thogadh iad. Tha na gn矛omhairean seo uile anns a鈥� mhodh fhulangach neo, mar a chanas iad ann am Beurla, the passive voice. Canaidh sinn 鈥渇ulangach鈥� ris air sg脿th 鈥檚 gu bheil an c霉isear anns an t-seantans, neo an subject, a鈥� fuiling a鈥� ghn矛omh. Rugadh iad. They were born. Chaidh an gn矛omh a dh猫anamh orra.

Ma tha sibh air a bhith a鈥� leughadh a鈥� Bh矛obaill Gh脿idhlig, bidh sibh e貌lach air na gn矛omhairean seo 鈥� co-dhi霉 mar 鈥渞ug鈥� is 鈥済hin鈥� is 鈥渢hog鈥�. Mar eisimpleir, seo criomag as Genesis, Caibideil c貌ig ar fhichead: An sin ghabh Abraham bean a-rithist, dom b鈥� ainm Ceturah. Agus rug i dha Simran agus Iocsan, agus Medan, agus Midian, agus Isbac, agus Suah. Agus ghin Iocsan Seba, agus Dedan鈥�

Rug i dha Simran. Tha sin a鈥� ciallachadh 鈥渟he bore him Zimran鈥� 鈥� am measg m貌ran eile, a r猫ir choltais! 鈥橲 e a th鈥� ann an 鈥渞ug鈥� an gn矛omhair 鈥渂eir鈥� anns a鈥� mhodh spreigeach neo active voice, agus anns an tr脿th chaithte, neo past tense. 鈥橲 e 鈥渋鈥� Ceturah agus 鈥檚 i c霉isear an t-seantains. Rug ise Simran.

Ach, mura h-eil sinn airson guth a r脿dh oirrese, agus ma tha sinn d矛reach airson a r脿dh gu robh Simran air a bhreith, chanamaid 鈥渞ugadh Simran鈥�. Tha an gn矛omhair a-nise anns a鈥� mhodh fhulangach. Agus tha gn矛omhairean eile ag obair anns an aon d貌igh: ghin is ghineadh, thog is thogadh, rinn is rinneadh, thuirt is thuirteadh, thug is thugadh, is mar sin air adhart.

Gu le貌r de ghr脿mair ma tha! Tilleamaid don bh脿rdachd. B鈥� e an t-霉ghdar Rob Donn, b脿rd ainmeil an ochdamh linn deug 脿 Cataibh. Rugadh e 鈥� agus sin an gn矛omhair a-rithist 鈥� rugadh e ann an seachd ceud deug agus ceithir-deug (1714) ann an D霉thaich MhicAoidh. Anns an d脿n 鈥淢arbhrann do Thri霉ir Sheann Fhleasgach鈥� thug e iomradh air tri霉ir bhr脿ithrean a bha gu math sp矛ocach. Bha iad math air airgead a ch脿rnadh is a ch霉mhnadh, ach cha robh iad math air a chosg. Tha e coltach gu robh iad air ionmhas m貌r a thiodhlacadh 鈥� gu robh iad air a chur am falach fon talamh. Gu h-iongantach, chaochail dithis dhiubh taobh a-staigh latha o ch猫ile, agus chaidh an tiodhlacadh aig an aon 脿m anns an aon uaigh. Seo d脿 rann bhon d脿n:

Aon duine 鈥檚 bean on t脿inig iad,

Na br脿ithrean ud a chuaidh,

Bha an aon bheatha th矛meil ac鈥�,

鈥橲 bha 鈥檔 aodach dhen aon chl貌imh:

Mun aon uair a bh脿saich iad,

鈥橲 bha 鈥檔 n脿dar dhen aon bhuaidh:

Chaidh 鈥檔 aon siubhal dhaoine leo鈥�,

鈥橲 chaidh 鈥檔 s矛neadh san aon uaigh.

Bu daoine nach d鈥� rinn briseadh iad,

Le fiosrachadh do ch脿ch;

鈥橲 cha mh貌 a rinn iad aon dad,

Ris an can an saoghal 鈥済r脿s鈥�;

Ach ghineadh iad, is rugadh iad,

Is thogadh iad, is dh鈥檉h脿s,

Chaidh str脿c dhen t-saoghal thairis orr鈥�,

鈥橲 mu dheireadh, fhuair iad b脿s.

Agus tha e coltach 鈥� ged a dh鈥檉heuch iomadh duine ri ionmhas nam br脿ithrean a lorg thairis air 霉ine 鈥� nach do lorgadh e. C貌 aige tha fios nach eil e fon talamh ann am badeigin fhathast.

briathran: words; modh: voice (gram.); fulangach: passive (gram.);c霉isear: subject (gram.); spreigeach: active (gram.); tr脿th: tense (gram.); caithte: past(gram.); chanamaid: we would say; D霉thaich MhicAoidh: North Sutherland (the Mackaycountry); sp矛ocach: miserly; tiodhlacadh: burial; uaigh: grave.

chaidh str脿c dhen t-saoghal thairis orr鈥�: they had their fill of life;gun cleachd i deich fhaclan far an d猫anadh seachd a鈥� ch霉is ann am Beurla: that it (fem.) usesten words where seven would do the job in English; tilleamaid don bh脿rdachd: let鈥檚 return tothe poetry; marbhrann do thri霉ir sheann fhleasgach: elegy to three old bachelors; bha iadmath air airgead a ch脿rnadh is a ch霉mhnadh (or a chaomhnadh): they were good ataccumulating and saving money; na br脿ithrean ud a chuaidh (chaidh): those brothers whowent (ie died); bha 鈥檔 n脿dar dhen aon bhuaidh: their nature was of the same (virtue); chaidh鈥檔 aon siubhal dhaoine leo鈥�: the same funeral procession accompanied them; bu daoinenach d鈥� rinn briseadh iad: they were men who did not cause harm; cha mh貌 a rinn iad aondad: they hardly did one thing; ris an can an saoghal 鈥済r脿s鈥�: which the world can call鈥済race鈥�; nach do lorgadh e: it was not found (another passive!)

ghineadh iad is rugadh iad is thogadh iad: they werebegotten and born and brought up. These verbs are all in the Past tense of the IndicativeMood of the Passive Voice. You will be familiar with rugadh and thogadh because they areused so frequently in conversation (we don鈥檛 tend to say so much about ghineadh!), but it isworth remembering that many other verbs can be conjugated similarly. And, regardless ofwhether the verb is regular or irregular, most behave in the same way. Form the Past Tenseof the Indicative Mood of the Active Voice (ie the form in which a subject is doingsomething) 鈥� and then add 鈥揳dh (or 鈥揺adh). Rug mi means 鈥淚 bore鈥�, so rugadh means 鈥淚was born鈥�. Thog mi means 鈥淚 raised鈥� so thogadh mi means 鈥淚 was raised.鈥� Similarlychuireadh e means 鈥渋t was put鈥�, rinneadh e means 鈥渋t was done鈥� and thuirteadh e means 鈥渋twas said.鈥� There are a few verbs which slip around the rule, however; one is 鈥渇aic鈥� (see).We say chunnacas e, rather than chunnaiceadh e, for 鈥渋t was seen.鈥� And note that, apartfrom the common ones like rugadh and thogadh, these formations tend to be restricted tomore formal use of the language.

mu dheireadh, fhuair iad b脿s: in the end, they died. This isone of several ways to say that somebody died. Aig a鈥� cheann mu dheireadh, gheibh sinnuile b脿s (in the end we all die).