Your child is learning new things every day. And just as you can help them with their language and reading, there are also ways you can boost your preschooler鈥檚 number skills.
This is especially important as learning to count is SO much more than just one, two, three says Camilla Gilmore, Professor in the ESCR Centre for Early Mathematics Learning at Loughborough University.
鈥淎s parents, reading to your child probably comes quite naturally. But the thought of doing maths with them can seem intimidating. My advice is to have fun with it and make it a natural part of your day: from counting the number of jumps your child can do to playing easy board games.鈥
Watch our short video below to find out more.
Your toddler's probably cleverer than you think. Did you know that they're born with counting scales? It's not like they can solve complex sums and equations, not yet, but they have got no problem sorting things into groups.
It's not anything they've learned, their brains are simply set up to do it. And from around the age of three, they may begin to understand the ideas of more and less, bigger and smaller. And when they connect that with the words we use for counting, that's when their maths understanding can really take off.
It's great to count with them regularly, because the more they hear it, the sooner they'll get it. Teach them how to count on their fingers. Count different things at home and when you're out and about, and name them as you count them so that they'll understand that we can count absolutely anything.
When do children learn to count?
Your toddler or preschooler is surrounded by numbers every day: from simple counting in nursery rhymes to the numbers on houses or passing buses.
But while they may be happily 鈥榗ounting鈥 from one to five (or more), it鈥檚 unlikely your child knows what the numbers actually mean.
Learning to count and learning about numbers is a really complex process. Much more than it might seem from the outside鈥
鈥淟ots of two-year-olds can already say the number sequence one, two, three, four, five, which is one of the early signs of learning to count. But while they鈥檝e learnt to say the words for the numbers, and can say them in the right order, there鈥檚 lots more they have to do before they understand what those numbers actually represent.
鈥淚f you ask them to hand you one toy, for example, they probably can. If you ask them to give you three toys it鈥檚 unlikely they鈥檇 be able to. That might not come until they are between three and four-and-a-half.鈥
How do children learn to count?
When your little one has learnt how to say numbers in the right order, usually going up to five or 10, it鈥檚 then on to the hard(er!) bit.
鈥淭hey then have to learn how we count鈥, says Camilla. 鈥淭hat means understanding that we put one word with one item. In other words, you can鈥檛 point to a single teddy and say 鈥榦ne teddy, two teddy鈥.鈥
They also need to learn something called the Cardinal Principle, which sounds complicated but is something we all do without thinking. 鈥淭his is where a child understands that when you are counting, the last number you say means how many there are altogether鈥, explains Camilla.
The way children go about learning this is really fascinating. They seem to grasp it very slowly, learning one number at a time.
To help them, ask your child to pass you one spoon or one toy car.
鈥淭hey鈥檒l be able to do this and get the idea of what 鈥榦ne鈥 means. But if you ask for three spoons or cars, they wouldn鈥檛 know how鈥, says Camilla. She says that within the next few weeks or months your child will begin to understand how many two is. A couple of months later, they鈥檒l work out what three is and then four.
鈥淚t鈥檚 around this stage that they suddenly seem to understand counting. At that point, they then can give you as many items as they know how to count. This is when we consider them to understand what counting is, and what numbers mean.鈥
Easy ways you can help your child learn to count
The process of learning to count might sound complicated, but the ways you can help your child learn are super simple. Camilla suggests trying these easy number games and activities with your toddler or preschooler:
1. Start early
You can start talking to your baby about numbers and counting before they can even talk.
It鈥檚 exactly the same as the advice about reading and talking to babies for their language development
鈥淵ou can help your child learn the counting sequence through singing nursery rhymes with numbers in them or reading them number books鈥, says Camilla.
As you go, show them the number words and digits. Why not try singing Three Little Speckled Frogs or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Once I Caught a Fish Alive - Nursery Rhyme.
2. Keep it simple
As they get a bit older, make counting part of your day.
鈥淵ou don鈥檛 have to sit down and do anything special鈥, says Camilla. 鈥淢ake it as simple and as fun as you can. Do it when you鈥檙e climbing the stairs or when you鈥檙e out and about by counting cars or butterflies.鈥
3. Count things your child can鈥檛 touch
Part of learning to count is understanding there are lots of different things that can be counted, says Camilla.
鈥淐hildren tend to think the only things you count are actual objects, but numbers are much more than that.鈥
She suggests counting anything from smiles to claps to help your preschooler understand they can鈥檛 always physically hold or touch what they are counting.
4. Try board games
Simple board or card games are a really fun way to teach numbers and counting.
鈥淟ook for a game that involves counting squares or moving a counter along鈥, says Camilla. 鈥淥r find a game that involves collecting things and counting up to see who has the most at the end.鈥
5. Use maths 鈥榣anguage鈥
Try adding words like 鈥榤ore鈥, 鈥榣ess鈥, 鈥榖igger鈥 and 鈥榮maller鈥 when you chat with your child.
鈥淯sing some simple maths language will help your child start to get the early ideas of subtraction and addition long before they actually learn it鈥, says Camilla.
6. Put things in groups
Another key part of counting is something called 鈥榮ubitising鈥. This is when you look at a group of objects and instantly know how many there are without having to count them.
鈥淎s adults we can do this with up to five or six objects鈥, says Camilla. 鈥淲hen children are young, they can do this with up to three items. Boost this skill by putting things into groups of two or three and saying the number. This will help your child with their visual recognition of the quantity as well as the number.鈥
7. Use your fingers
You鈥檝e got all the tools you need to help your child learn to count: your fingers!
鈥淯sing your fingers to show one, two, three when you are counting and when you are saying number words is really helpful鈥, says Camilla. 鈥淭his is a great way to get your child to link the number words to the actual amounts.鈥
8. Mix up your counting
When your child has got to grips with simple counting, make things a bit trickier by counting backwards, counting in steps or counting on from a number.
鈥淚f you ask a child to start at one, they may be able to count quite happily up to 10鈥, says Camilla. 鈥淏ut if you ask them to count on from three, they may struggle. But this is a really important skill that will help them later with their simple addition and subtraction skills.鈥
