Summary
14 October 2011
The genetic code of the germ that caused the Black Death has been reconstructed by scientists for the first time.
The Black Death, also known as the plague, killed millions of people in Europe in the 14th Century.
Reporter:
Matt McGrath
DNA samples were taken from skeletons found in London
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Humans have rarely encountered an enemy as devastating as the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. Between 1347 and 1351 it sparked the Black Death, an infection carried by fleas that spread rapidly across Europe killing around 50 million people.
Now scientists have uncovered some of the genetic secrets of the plague, thanks to DNA fragments drilled from the teeth of victims buried in a graveyard in East London.
The researchers say that all current strains circulating in the world are directly related to the medieval bacterium. And while the infection still kills 2,000 people globally every year, it's much less of a threat because our immune systems have adapted to it.
The scientists say the techniques used to rebuild the genome of the Black Death could now be used to reconstruct other ancient pathogens
Matt McGrath, 大象传媒 World Service
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Vocabulary
- rarely encountered
not often met or come into contact with
- devastating
destructive and harmful
- sparked
caused to start
- fleas
tiny jumping insects which feed on the blood of animals and humans
- fragments
small, incomplete pieces of
- victims
people who had died of the disease
- strains
versions of the disease
- immune systems
our body's natural defence mechanism
- adapted
changed and evolved to be able effectively to fight
- pathogens
small organisms that cause diseases
