Summary
1 August 2014
Goalkeepers facing penalty shootouts make a predictable mistake that could influence the outcome, say researchers. Psychologists who analysed World Cups and European championships over 36 years found that after three kicks in the same direction, the keepers were more likely to throw themselves the opposite way. The research has been published in the journal Current Biology.
Reporter:
Matt McGrath
Goalkeepers are lucky because strikers aren't aware of statistics, say researchers
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Report
If a tossed coin comes up 'heads', ten times in a row, is it more or less likely to show 'tails' on the next throw?
If you think it must be tails, you are falling for the gambler's fallacy, the idea that sequences of results are connected. And you're not alone.
Some of the world's top goalkeepers are prone to making the same mistake.
Researchers from University College London analysed videos of penalty shootouts at every World Cup since 1976. They found that after three kicks in a row towards the same side of the goal, on the next shot the goalkeeper dived for the opposite side 69% of the time.
This small but statistically significant pattern could be enough to win shootouts. But so far the goalkeepers have been lucky. Penalty takers are under such pressure to score, they've failed to notice and take advantage of the flaw.
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Vocabulary
- tossed
thrown into the air, often without care
- in a row
one after the other, in a sequence
- tails
(here) the side of a coin which doesn't show the head of a person
- fallacy
an idea people usually think is true but it isn't
- prone to
likely to
- dived
(here) jumped to the ground in order to catch the football
- to score
(here) to kick the football into the goal
- flaw
weakness
