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In 1304, Stirling Castle was put under siege by King Edward I of England.

In this article you can find out:

• What a castle siege is
• How people prepared for a siege
• Different types of siege weapons
• What the Scottish Wars of Independence were

This resource is suitable for Castles topics for P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7 (First and Second Level Curriculum for Excellence).

Watch the film below to learn how just 30 Scottish defenders were able to hold the castle for months, even against Edward's mighty army.

A siege is when an enemy surrounds a town, castle or other building so no one can escape and no food can get in.

It was very important for the people inside the castle to be prepared. They needed supplies of food and water to live on.

Getting fresh food was difficult so they needed to find ways to preserve food by drying, salting and storing it. For a safe water supply, castles needed their own well.

Look at the photos below to find out a bit more about how defenders prepared for a castle siege.

Attackers surrounding a castle in a siege could use different kinds of siege engines to attack the castle and make it weaker.

Some medieval siege weapons included:

• trebuchets
• mangonels
• cannons
• battering rams
• siege towers

The Wars of Independence were a series of battles fought between Scotland and England from 1296 to 1328.

England wanted to take control of Scotland's castles to show off how powerful they were.

Scotland had to defend their castles from the English army.

There were many castle sieges during the Scottish Wars of Independence.

In the video at the top of the page, we learned about a siege at Stirling Castle in 1304.

Let's find out more about the history of Stirling Castle and why it is an important part of Scottish history.

Draw and label a trebuchet

Can you draw a picture of a trebuchet and label its different parts? Use this drawing of a medieval trebuchet to help you.

Here are the different parts of a trebuchet you need to label:

• frame or base - The main body of the trebuchet which keeps everything in place.
• beam or throwing arm - The long arm of the catapult, it has the sling on one side and a counterweight on the other.
• sling or pouch - Where the 'payload' or 'projectile' would be placed.
• payload or projectile - The object that the attackers would hurl at the castle, like a heavy rock or fireball!
• pivot - Where the beam and the trebuchet frame meet.
• counterweight - A heavy object that weighs one side of the beam down.