Dhamma
Dhamma (Dharma)Dhamma is Buddhist doctrine about the nature of existence and includes the teachings of the Buddha. means the truth about existence. The BuddhaThe founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama, after his enlightenment. It is a title which means the enlightened or awakened one. came to understand this truth when he reached enlightenmentThe realisation of the truth about life. In Buddhism it releases a person from the cycle of rebirth.. Dhamma is also the teachings of the Buddha, for example the The Noble Eightfold PathBuddhist practises that can lead to the end of suffering and the cycle of rebirth: right views, right thinking, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right meditation. and the Four Noble TruthsThe truths discovered by the Buddha during his enlightenment.. The Buddha wanted people to follow his teachings and test them out to see if they believed in what he taught. The Buddha鈥檚 teachings are intended to relieve suffering, and many Buddhists feel these teachings help them deal with the bad things that happen in life.
Buddhists also believe that Dhamma is a refuge (they can take shelter in the Dhamma). The Buddha taught that people try to take refuge in things that are not helpful and actually cause suffering, for example material possessions. Instead, he said that they should take refuge in the SanghaThe Buddhist community of people who practice the faith, usually used to mean the community of monks and nuns. , which is the community of Buddhists. This means they can gain help and guidance from the teachings of the Buddha and community to try to avoid suffering. This is also important as it is a way of working to gain enlightenment.
Dependent arising
Buddhists believe in a concept called paticca-samuppadaThe idea that everything is interconnected and that everyone affects everyone else. or dependent arising. This explains the Buddhist idea of reality. It suggests that everything arises and is dependent on something else to exist. Buddhists believe that nothing in life is permanent and nothing lasts forever. Everything is dependent upon other things 鈥 for example, trees give out oxygen, which humans need to breathe in order to stay alive, and trees also take in the carbon dioxide we breathe out and convert it into oxygen.
The Wheel of Life
The Wheel of Life / Wheel of ExistenceA diagram that depicts the different realms of rebirth. It is often found at the entrance of monasteries in Mahayana Buddhism. shows the idea of dependent arising through the form of images.
One part of the wheel shows old age and death. Buddhists believe in the cycle of samsaraIn Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism, this is the cycle of life, death and rebirth., which is a continuous cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. Therefore, this part of the wheel demonstrates the idea that nothing stays the same and everything is always changing. Buddhists aim to break out of the cycle of samsara as they believe that this is where suffering happens and therefore freedom from samsara means an end to suffering.
Buddhists also aim to understand the relationship between desire and suffering. They believe that desire leads to suffering because we attach ourselves to things in life that bring about suffering. Buddhists believe that if they follow the teachings of the Buddha they will no longer suffer and will achieve Nirvana (also spelt Nibbana)An indescribable state, held by Buddhists to be the ultimate goal of religious practice, involving breaking free from the cycle of samsara..