大象传媒

Resolving forces - Higher

Two forces can be added together to find a resultant force. A single force can be resolved (broken down) into two at right angles to each other.

In the diagram of a toy trailer below, when a child pulls on the handle, some of the 5 newton (N) force pulls the trailer upwards away from the ground and some of the force pulls it to the right.

A toy trailer聽has a聽handle in a position as if it is being pulled, with an聽arrow on the end of the handle.

Vector diagrams can be used to resolve the pulling force into a horizontal component acting to the right and a vertical component acting upwards.

Vector diagrams

Draw a right-angled triangle to scale, in which each side represents a force. Try to choose a simple scale, for example 1 cm = 1 N. For the toy trailer example above, draw:

  • a line representing the 5 N force at 37掳
  • a horizontal line ending directly below the end the first line
  • a vertical line between ends of the two lines
  • arrow heads to show the direction in which each force acts

Measure the lengths of the horizontal and vertical lines. Use the scale for the first line to convert these lengths to the corresponding forces.

A right angled triangle with small聽arrows on the three聽sides of the triangle.
Figure caption,
The child's pulling force can be resolved into a 4 N force to the right and a 3 N force upwards

The two component forces together have the same effect as the single force (in this example, the child's pulling force).