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Nouns are words that name things, people, places and ideas. In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine. This is called the gender of the noun.

How to tell if a noun is masculine or feminine

Usually, nouns that end in -o are masculine and nouns that end in -a are feminine. For example:

There are some exceptions to this rule, eg planeta, ��í��, mapa and �ٰ����Ա�í�� are all masculine, whereas mano and foto are feminine.

Nouns with these endings are usually masculine:

• -ma eg problema, programa, idioma
• a consonant other than -d or -z eg á�����DZ�, color, �貹í��

Nouns with these endings are usually feminine:

• -d eg salud, libertad, nacionalidad
• -z eg paz, luz, nariz
• -��ó�� eg �����������ó��, �Բ��ٲ�����ó��, ���DzԱ������������ó��

There are always exceptions to these rules!

It can be hard to tell if some nouns with other endings are masculine or feminine. For example, nouns that end in -e could be either masculine, eg hombre or feminine, eg leche.

Some words also mean entirely different things depending on their gender, for example:

1. la radio (the radio) / el radio (the chemical element 'radium' and maths term 'radius')
2. la cometa (the kite) / el cometa (the comet)

Making a noun plural

Just as in English, nouns in Spanish can be singular or plural. To make nouns plural:

• Add -s to nouns ending in a vowel, eg libro → libros, casa → casas
• Add -es to nouns ending in a consonant, eg ciudad → ciudades, color → colores
• Remove the -z and add -ces to nouns ending in a z, eg vez → veces, pez → peces
• Add -es to nouns ending in -��ó�� but get rid of the accent, eg ���𲵾�ó�� → regiones, �Բ�����ó�� → naciones