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Types of feedback

An explanation of the importance of feedback during sport

There are two types of feedback:

  • intrinsic
  • extrinsic

Intrinsic feedback is what is felt by the performer during a performance. For example, a skier may feel that they don't have very good control of the skis when making a turn and can feel off-balance.

Extrinsic feedback is provided by external sources, during or after a performance. It includes things that the performer can hear or see. For example, a wheelchair basketball player can hear verbal feedback from a coach, comments from teammates, the response of the spectators and the referee's decisions. The player can see where the ball goes and what the score is.

Feedback is based on two areas of knowledge:

  • knowledge of results
  • knowledge of performance

Knowledge of results focuses on the end of the performance, for example, the performer's score, time or position. It is sometimes called terminal feedback.

Knowledge of performance focuses on how well the athlete performed, not the end result. For example, a golfer may receive feedback that they have putted very well even if their drives were less effective.

Question

Watching the monitor while on the rowing machine in the gym provides what type of feedback?