Solar heating
Solar energy is used to generate electricity and to produce hot water.
Solar energy is energy released by nuclear fusion in the Sun.
Solar cells
A solar-powered ticket machine
Solar cells are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical energy.
Small solar cells are used in calculators.
Larger arrays of solar cells are used to power road signs in remote areas, and even larger arrays are used to power satellites in orbit around Earth.
Advantages
- Solar energy is a renewable energy resource and there are no fuel costs.
- No harmful polluting gases are produced.
Disadvantages
- Space is needed for installing solar cells.
- Solar cells do not work at night.
Solar panels
Solar panels do not generate electricity, but rather they heat up water.
They are often located on the roofs of buildings where they can receive heat energy from the Sun.
The diagram outlines how they work:
- Cold water is pumped up to the solar panel, it heats up and is transferred to a storage tank.
- A pump pushes cold water from the storage tank through pipes in the solar panel. The water is heated by heat energy from the Sun and returns to the tank. In some systems, a conventional boiler may be used to increase the temperature of the water.
Advantages
- Solar energy is a renewable energy resource and there are no fuel costs.
- No harmful polluting gases are produced.
Disadvantages
- Solar panels may only produce very hot water in very sunny climates, and in cooler areas may need to be supplemented with a conventional boiler.
- Although warm water can be produced even on cloudy days, solar panels do not work at night.