����ý

Over-fishing and over-harvesting are examples of overexploitation. The population might be able to recover if exploitation is stopped soon enough. If this does not happen then they will become extinct.

However, some species have naturally low genetic diversity in their population but yet remain a viable species.

The bottleneck effect is when a population has been almost wiped out possibly by a natural disaster.

When the surviving population is very small it has lost lots of genetic information. This loss can prevent the population adapting to future environmental changes.

This loss of genetic diversity in small populations can be critical for many species due to inbreeding resulting in poorer reproductive rates.

Habitat fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation is when a habitat is broken up into smaller fragments, or sections. Over time, the edges of the fragments are degraded and the fragments decrease in size further.

This can lead to habitat loss and increased competition between species as the fragment becomes smaller, which may result in a decrease in biodiversity.

This can then lead to habitat loss of some species. Each smaller fragment can only support a smaller biodiversity compared to the original habitat.

Habitat fragments can be linked by habitat corridors which allow the movement of animals between fragments.This helps to increase species diversity as species can mate, find food after local extinctions.