Big Bang Theory
According to the Big BangThe scientific theory that describes the early development of the Universe. theory, about 13.8 billion years ago the whole Universe was a very small, extremely hot and dense region. From this tiny point, the whole Universe expanded outwards to what exists today.
Evidence from red-shift
Astronomers have discovered that, in general, the further away a galaxy is, the more red-shifted its light is. This means that the further away the galaxies are, the faster they are moving. This is similar to an explosion, where the bits moving fastest travel furthest from the explosion. Red-shift data provides evidence that the Universe, including space itself, is expanding.
Professor Brian Cox explains how evidence for the Big Bang can be found by analysing the colour of starlight
Evidence from CMBR
Astronomers have also discovered a cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). This comes from all directions in space and has a temperature of about -270 掳C. The CMBR is the remains of the thermal energy from the Big Bang, spread thinly across the whole Universe.
| Prediction from Big Bang theory | Evidence observed | Does evidence support the Big Bang theory? |
| More distant galaxies should move away faster | More distant galaxies have greater red-shift | Yes |
| Initial Big Bang heat should now be thinly spread across the whole Universe | CMBR is everywhere at a temperature of about -270掳C | Yes |
| Prediction from Big Bang theory | More distant galaxies should move away faster |
|---|---|
| Evidence observed | More distant galaxies have greater red-shift |
| Does evidence support the Big Bang theory? | Yes |
| Prediction from Big Bang theory | Initial Big Bang heat should now be thinly spread across the whole Universe |
|---|---|
| Evidence observed | CMBR is everywhere at a temperature of about -270掳C |
| Does evidence support the Big Bang theory? | Yes |
The discovery of red-shift in light from distant galaxies led to the development of the Big Bang theory. The discovery of the CMBR, after it had been predicted by the theory, provided very strong support for the Big Bang theory.