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• Leave Taking by Winsome Pinnock has three main characters: Enid Matthews, Del Matthews and Viv Matthews.

• There are two secondary characters in the play: an Obeah woman called Mai and a close friend of Enid’s called Brod.

• All of the characters in the play are fictional, even though the writer, Winsome Pinnock, based some of the events on her own life experiences.

Remember

In your exam you will be asked to write about a character or a theme. If writing about a character, think about including:

• Key moments for the character

• How the character changes throughout the play

• The author's intentions for the character

• How an audience might respond to the character.

• Proud
• Determined
• Independent

Enid is a Jamaican woman in her forties. She arrived in England in her late teens, leaving behind her family in Jamaica. Enid has raised her daughters Del and Viv on her own.

At the start of the play, Enid takes her daughters to visit an Obeah woman (Mai). Enid is worried about her daughters and believes that Mai can use her powers to help. Enid is a deeply spiritual and religious person with strong beliefs and values.

We learn that Enid works two jobs, one as a hospital cleaner. Enid is a proud, hard-working woman who takes care of her family. She does not complain about her situation, and she does not want to discuss any racial tension or discrimination she might have experienced as a Black immigrant. She says:

You come here, you try to fit in. Stick to the rules. England has been good to me. I proud a my English girls.

Enid is determined that Viv and Del should have an easier life than she had. She is extremely proud of Viv, who has the chance to go to university, and worries about Del.

Enid has distanced herself from her childhood in Jamaica. She has brought up Viv and Del to be English and has avoided telling them much about their Jamaican ancestry and culture. Enid slaps Del when Del mocks Enid’s loyalty to English culture and her employers.

Enid’s relationship with her sister in Jamaica is very difficult: Enid thinks her sister is lying to her about needing money. Later in the play, the death of her mother has a profound effect on Enid: she feels guilty about leaving her mother in poverty in Jamaica and conflicted about her mother’s lack of affection.

Enid keeps secrets to protect her children. Enid has told her daughters that their father left them, but Brod tells Del that the racism directed towards Del’s father "turned him from a smiling boy into a hard man". Enid left him after he beat her.

By the end of the play, Enid has accepted the choices made by her daughters for their own lives. She says she wants to be seen and loved, and the play ends with Del tenderly reading Enid’s palm.

• Frustrated
• Rebellious
• Cynical

Del is eighteen years old and the eldest of Enid’s two daughters. At the start of the play, she has left school with no qualifications after struggling with dyslexia, and she has just lost her job at a fast-food restaurant. We soon learn that Del is pregnant and does not want the father involved.

Del is cynical and resentful about many aspects of her life. She does not want her baby’s father involved with the pregnancy because she believes men are useless parents. In addition, she feels a deep sense of injustice about her treatment as a second-generation immigrant. Del is also frustrated that many jobs are not available to her because of her lack of qualifications.

Del has a very difficult relationship with Enid for most of the play: she believes that Enid hates her. They have an argument in the middle of the play that ends with Del leaving home and moving in with Mai.

Del cares about her sister, Viv. Although they argue and disagree at times, when Del discovers that Viv has walked out of an A-level exam she is furious. She wants Viv to have a better life and not limit her opportunities.

At first, Del is rude and dismissive towards Mai. Del thinks her abilities are nonsense - she calls them "mumbo jumbo" and has very little understanding of the Caribbean culture that Mai represents. Once Del begins to live with Mai, however, she takes an interest in Obeah and appears to have some of the same abilities as Mai. Del works hard to impress Mai and develop her skills.

By the end of the play, Del’s rebellious nature has changed: she has taken on new responsibilities, taken over Mai’s business, and reconciled with Enid.

• Ambitious
• Diplomatic
• Reflective

Viv is Enid’s youngest daughter. She is taking her A-levels and, unlike her sister Del, she is succeeding academically and plans to go to university.

Viv takes a diplomatic role for most of the play. In the opening scene, Viv calms an argument between Del and Enid. Viv is the one who looks after Enid after they hear that Enid’s mother has died, and Viv is gentle and compassionate when asking questions.

Viv’s identity is linked to her academic achievements. Like Del, she knows very little about their mother’s background and culture. Instead, Viv has embraced English culture and the literary canon. Viv proudly quotes from Shakespeare’s plays and the poetry of Rupert Brooke, but thinks that travelling to Jamaica could just be a charitable gap year project, and does not know who "Nanny a the Maroons" is when Brod mentions her.

Viv is aware that Enid is probably keeping secrets from her daughters and curiously questions her mother about her past . Viv is also conscious of how hard her mother works: when Enid hands Viv the money she has saved for Viv’s university studies, Viv realises that Enid "musta bin saving ages" and is reluctant to see herself as worthy of accepting it. Viv later tries to give Del the money to support her with the pregnancy.

After Del leaves home and moves in with Mai, Viv struggles to maintain her relationship with Enid, and her sense of identity is challenged. She expects Del to celebrate her rebellious act of walking out of her English Literature exam, but Del reacts with horror. This causes Viv to reflect on her motivations and purpose.

At the end of the play, we learn that Viv is going to university to pursue a degree in Black Studies.

• Resourceful
• Empathetic
• Perceptive

Mai opens the play, with Scene One set in her bedsit in Deptford. She is an Obeahwoman. Enid visits Mai whenever she is worried about her family.

Mai does more than offer spiritual readings: she also asks Enid questions, forcing Enid to reflect on her thoughts and actions. Mai fully embraces her cultural heritage as part of her identity. She shows great empathy towards the other women in the play, and her age and experience ensure that her comments are (mostly) taken seriously.

Mai has an estranged son. When Del moves in with Mai, she is welcomed like she is Mai’s own daughter, with a balance of kindness and strictness. Mai is generous and open-minded, and builds a strong relationship with Del. She teaches Del her Obeah practices, and Del takes on many of Mai’s clients.

Pinnock uses the character of Mai to add some humour to the play, in contrast to the more serious attitudes of the other characters. Mai can find the positives in many situations, and she has a self-deprecating attitude towards the limits of her powers.

What is Obeah?

• Insightful
• Insecure
• Nostalgic

Brod (Broderick) is an old family friend who, like Enid, has also emigrated to England from Jamaica. Unlike Enid, he is open about his struggles with his life in England. Pinnock uses his character as a foil to Enid.

Pinnock also uses Brod as a tool for exposition linked to Enid’s past, revealing information about Jamaica and about Enid’s marriage.

Brod has some strongly-held views: he is unhappy at Enid’s refusal to talk to her daughters about their Caribbean background, and he says that Enid is teaching them "all wrong". He cares about the Matthews family, and actively encourages them to resolve their differences.

Brod is nostalgic for a Jamaican lifestyle. He reminisces about Jamaica’s food, religious values and landscape ("the land a wood and water"). He also feels insecure about his place in England. He has paid £50 to become a British citizen, as instructed by the government, but is worried that in the future they will change their minds and deport him. Brod relies on alcohol to deal with these feelings and worries.

Brod and Enid are both members of the Windrush Generation. Pinnock has described herself as a "Windrush baby".

After World War Two, people were needed in Britain to fill job vacancies in the cities. Caribbean men and women, many of whom had served in the Royal Air Force and the British Army during the war, were encouraged to move to Britain. The SS Empire Windrush was the first major boat to bring people from Jamaica to London in 1948.

Many of these people took jobs in the armed forces, the NHS and the transport industry. The majority of those immigrants, who were later known as the ‘Windrush Generation’, settled permanently in Britain creating new families and communities.

Brod’s anxiety about being deported is an example of Pinnock’s prescience. The UK government did start deporting Windrush Generation immigrants like Brod in 2012, 25 years after Pinnock wrote Leave Taking.

Find out more about the Windrush Generation by watching this video.

You can learn more about post-war migration on Bitesize History.

Test your knowledge of Leave Taking by taking this multiple-choice quiz.