Key points
Carbon is a A substance that has the typical properties of a non-metal. Non-metal elements are on the right hand side of the periodic table. element. At room temperature it is in a One of the three states of matter. Solids, like ice or concrete, have a fixed shape and cannot be compressed easily. state.
Carbon exists in different forms, including graphite, diamond and graphene.
Depending on its form carbon has different A quality, or characteristic, of something. Physical properties of matter are measurable - for example, melting point or boiling point..
What is carbon?
Carbon is made up of just one type of The smallest particle of an element. We often think of atoms as tiny spheres, but in fact they are made from smaller particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.. This means carbon is anA pure substance which is made from only one type of atom. Elements are listed on the periodic table..
Carbon atoms are arranged in a regular pattern, meaning carbon is solid at room temperature.
Find out from Team GB Paralympian Stef Reid how the properties of carbon make it a useful material for a running blade.
Different forms of carbon
Atoms of carbon can be arranged in different patterns. This means that there are different forms of carbon.
Each form of carbon has its own properties:
Diamond
Diamond is transparent. It can be cut into shapes that sparkle for jewellery. It is also extremely hard, making it perfect for drills.
Graphite
The atoms in graphite are arranged in layers that slide over each other. This makes graphite slippery. It is sometimes used instead of oil to lubricate locks. Graphite is the only non-metal element that conducts electricity.
Graphene
Graphene is a recently discovered material. It has been found to be 300 times stronger than steel and much harder than diamonds.
Unlike graphite, graphene only contains a single layer of carbon atoms.
Scientists are still working out how we could use it, but in the future it could be used to make better gloves, sportswear and medical devices.
What are carbon fibres?
Carbon fibres are long, thin strands of carbon. They are strong, stiff and light.
Bundles of carbon fibres are woven together to make a sort of fabric. The fabric is baked with a plastic resin to make a composite material that is perfect for running blades, bicycles, aeroplanes and wind turbines.
Element of life
The human body is about 20% carbon. This carbon is not present as an element, but is joined with atoms of other elements, such as hydrogen and oxygen. All living things consist mostly of carbon-containing A pure substance made from two or more elements which are chemically bonded in a fixed ratio. .
Test your knowledge
Activity - carbon
Carbon quiz
Test your knowledge of carbon with this quick quiz.
Play the Atomic Labs game! game
Try out practical experiments in this KS3 science game.
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