Key points
Portia is one of the main characters in The Merchant of Venice, a play by William Shakespeare.
Her father鈥檚 willA document stating a person's wishes after they have died. states that she must marry the man who selects the correct casket out of a choice of three.
Portia saves Antonio by disguising herself as a lawyer and defending him in court.
Video - Casting Portia
Watch the video below to see how a director might cast the role of Portia.
Did you know?
In Shakespeare鈥檚 time, it was common for parents to choose who their children married. Portia is happy that Bassanio chooses the correct casket and they can marry, because she already knows him and likes him.
Plot summary
Portia鈥檚 key moments
Click through the slideshow to see Portia鈥檚 key moments
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Character traits
Intelligent
Portia鈥檚 idea to dress up as a lawyer to rescue Antonio saves his life. Her arguments in court are very convincing and well-thought-out.
Ruthless
When Shylock eventually asks for money instead of the pound of flesh, Portia refuses and says that he must give up everything he owns.
Witty
When the audience first meet Portia she is joking about the potential suitors that she has met so far who have failed to guess the correct casket. The way she jokes and plays on words is clever and funny.
How does Portia鈥檚 language show her intelligence?
Portia is quick to think and regularly plays on words. When defending Antonio is court she thinks and speaks like an intelligent lawyer, even though she has had no legal training. When discussing potential suitors with Nerissa, she mocks their arrogance:
鈥e will fence with his own shadow: if I should marry him, I should marry twenty husbands. If he would despise me, I would forgive him; for if he love me to madness, I shall never requite him.
Relationships
Portia is very good friends with her lady-in-waiting, Nerissa. The two speak about everything and Portia often listens to Nerissa鈥檚 advice.
Portia and Bassanio have met once before the play begins and Portia tells Nerissa how much she likes Bassanio. Bassanio likes Portia so much that he lets Antonio take out the loan with Shylock so that he can afford to visit her in Belmont. Portia is overjoyed when Bassanio is the first suitor to choose the correct casket and can ask her to marry him.
Portia wants to save Antonio because he is Bassanio鈥檚 friend and she loves Bassanio. This is one of the reasons she is so brutal in her punishment of Shylock for trying to kill Antonio. It is also suggested that Portia may treat Shylock so ruthlessly because she is antisemitismHostility or prejudice towards Jewish people..
Listen to a scene
Listen to the audio clip below, which is taken from Act 4, scene 1, and then answer the questions below.
1. What does Portia compare mercy to?
2. What does Portia mean when she describes mercy as 鈥渢wice blest鈥?
Portia compares mercy to the rain when she says 鈥淚t droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven鈥. This is a simile, a comparison made using the words like or as.
When Portia describes mercy as 鈥渢wice blest鈥, she means that the person who gives mercy is blessed and the person who receives mercy is blessed.
Changes in character
When the audience first meet Portia, she feels helpless in her own life but she has a good friend in Nerissa who gives her advice. She appears willing to her suitors but is secretly determined to marry someone she loves.
Portia becomes more confident as the play progresses. For example, she advises Bassanio to take his time when choosing a casket in an attempt to take control of her own situation.
Towards the end of the play it is Portia, not Bassanio, who takes it into her own hands to save Antonio from his fate and to punish Shylock for his actions. Bassanio and Antonio do not recognise Portia when she is in disguise, and are shocked when she reveals herself.
Video - How would you stage Portia鈥檚 reveal?
Watch the video below to see how a director might stage the scene in which Portia reveals herself to have been Balthazar.
Activity - Order it
What do these key quotations mean?
鈥ll the world desires her;
From the four corners of the earth they come,
To kiss this shrine, this mortal-breathing saint.
The Prince of Morocco
Act 2, scene 7
As the Prince of Morocco decides which casket to choose in order to win Portia鈥檚 hand in marriage, he describes Portia as holy and desired by everyone.
One half of me is yours, the other half yours.
Portia
Act 3, scene 2
Portia says this to Bassanio when he comes to choose a casket. It is the second time they have met. She is professing her love to him before telling him to take his time choosing so that they can get married.
This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood.
Portia
Act 4, scene 1
Portia, dressed as a lawyer called Balthazar, gives Shylock false hope by implying that he is entitled to the pound of flesh. However, she offers one of the play鈥檚 key plot twists with this simple line which states that Shylock cannot spill a drop of Antonio鈥檚 blood.
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