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Archives for July 2010

CSI: how to defeat hatred

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William Crawley | 15:15 UK time, Saturday, 31 July 2010

ofmdfm.jpgAsk people around the world what comes to mind when they think of Northern Ireland and some will say Giants' Causeway or Titanic. But more will say sectarianism, racism and hatred. Some recent studies have even labelled Northern Ireland . What can be done to reverse that reputation, and to tackle the causes and the consequences of sectarianism, racism and hatred here?

The First and deputy First Ministers have now published their proposals for doing just that. The so-called Cohesion, Sharing and Integration strategy -- or CSI -- has been two years in the making, and over the next three months. Read the full CSI document , and tell me what you think.

Mark Devenport comments on the politics of the document here.

Widdecombe's diplomatic refusal

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William Crawley | 11:43 UK time, Monday, 26 July 2010

holysee.pngAnn Widdecombe has turned down the chance to represent the UK as . She gave : "I have just had an operation for a detached retina. I am very sorry about Rome. I would have gone otherwise." ( will sigh with relief that she has side-stepped the appointment.)

All eyes are now on Chris Patten, the former Governor of Hong Kong, who is said to be considering the job. His friends say he isn't sure he could combine the post with his day job as Chancellor of Oxford University. Chris Patten recently stepped down as Chancellor of Newscastle University, a position he held alongside his Oxford chancellorship, and he is currently overseeing arrangements at the UK end of . I suspect if Chris Patten had wanted this job in the first place, he would have it already; which means it is unlikely that he will take it now. That said, if the Prime Minister is persuasive enough, in the way that only Prime Minister's can be, he might be tempted to split his time.

A deputy head of mission was recently appointed to assist the current ambassador, Francis Campbell, who heads a total staff of five officials. So this is a small operation administratively; but it punches well above its weight in terms of media coverage and general influence. Francis Campbell is the first Catholic to represent the UK to the Vatican since the Reformation, and he has proved to be such an impressive ambassador that the government may feel that there are benefits in finding a high-profile Catholic to follow him in the job. If not Chris Patten or Ann Widdecombe, then perhaps Paul Murphy, the former Secretary of State for Northern Ireland -- a devout Catholic and a papal knight -- will be approached. If they wish to stick with a Northern Irish theme, they might even consider Ruth Kelly, who also served in two Labour cabinets and is said to be a member of Opus Dei. Or even the Ampleforth-educated Michael Ancram, now 13th Marquess of Lothian, who once served in the Northern Ireland Office as a minister of state. They could also consider the former Tory Environment minister John Gummer, now Lord Deben, who, like Ann Widdecombe, converted to Catholicism after the Church of England permitted the ordination of women priests.

As with all high-profile candidates, there is the question of remuneration, and some former MPs, like Ann Widdecombe, are earning significantly more from their business and other activities than this position is likely to pay (roughly £100K, I'm told).

Which brings me to a possible candidate who doesn't appear to have been sounded out yet, who could easily afford the pay cut, and is not only a high-profile Catholic politician, but a recent convert. In fact, Francis Campbell once served as his private secretary in Downing Street, and his efforts were eventually rewarded with the most talked-about ambassadorship of the moment. How about His Excellency Tony Blair, Her Majesty's Ambassador to the Holy See? It has a certain ring to it, don't you think?

Locked-in ethics?

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William Crawley | 10:50 UK time, Tuesday, 20 July 2010

_48414033_imagesoftonynickleson007.jpgTony Nicklinson wants to die. If he could end his own life without direct assistance, it is possible that he would already have done so. Following a stroke in 2005, he suffers from "locked-in syndrome". He blinks and nods to spell out words with the aid of a Perspex board and letters, and, beyond that, he is immobilised. Tony, who is 56, says he does not want to "dribble his way into old age". His legal team are now seeking a judicial review to clarify the law on assisted suicide in a case like Tony's. Yesterday, his wife Jane read out a statement from her husband in an effort to explain why he feels that death may be his only way out of his perceived bodily imprisonment:

"I am a 56-year-old man who suffered a catastrophic stroke in June 2005 whilst on a business trip to Athens, Greece. It left me paralysed below the neck and unable to speak. I need help in almost every aspect of my life. I have no privacy or dignity left. I am washed, dressed and put to bed by carers who are, after all, still strangers. I am fed-up with my life and don't want to spend the next 20 years or so like this. "Am I grateful that the Athens doctors saved my life? No, I am not. If I had my time again, and knew then what I know now, I would have not called the ambulance but let nature take its course."

Tony Nicklinson wants his wife to help him to die, but he fears that she would then be liable to prosecution for murder. His request raises profoundly difficult questions for all of us. In the classic case of murder, an assailant takes a victim's life against the will of the victim, and with a demonstrably malicious intent. Supporters of Tony Nicklinson's request say his case is different: he would be consenting to his own death, and his wife -- if she were to assist him -- would be acting mercifully, in his best interests. Tony has the capacity to give informed consent to any assistance in respect of his own death; to permit that assistance if to recognise his autonomy.

Opponents say a change in the law (or the prosecution policy) to permit Jane to assist her husband to die without any risk of prosecution, would threaten the security of many vulnerable people. They say it is better to allow a court to consider the particulars of indiividual cases; and, in many cases, when a British jury considers a case of mercy killing, it will express compassion to the accused. In other words, we don't need to change the law, because the law, as it stands, permits mercy to be shown to a person who takes another's life as an act of mercy. If we change the system, it is possible that some could abuse the liberalised rules to act maliciously against the stated wishes of vulnerable people.

These are the main ethical arguments so far deployed in this debate; there are cultural and theological arguments too. But it would be a mistake to stereotype religious arguments, as if to suggest that all people of faith find themselves on the same side of the debate. Some very vocal Christian leaders have expressed their opposition to any liberalisation of the law to permit assisted suicide or any form of euthanasia (passive or active). But some theologians have also argued that some forms of euthanasia, and some instances of assisted suicide, are gracious acts which are consistent with responsible Christian discipleship.

What should the law in the UK say about cases like this one? And what role should theological and biblical arguments play in the current public debate?

The missing Pope petition

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William Crawley | 17:03 UK time, Friday, 16 July 2010

pope-benedict-new-world-order.jpgA has been removed by Whitehall officials more than three months before it was due to close. During the short period it was online, the petititon gathered 12,339 signatures. This is the full text of the petition:

"We the undersigned petition the Prime Minister to disassociate the British government from the Pope's intolerant views ahead of the Papal visit to Britain in September 2010. We urge the Prime Minister to make it clear that his government disagrees with the Pope's opposition to women's reproductive rights, gay equality, embryonic stem cell research and the use of condoms to prevent the spread of HIV. We ask the Prime Minister to express his disagreement with the Pope's role in the cover-up of child sex abuse by Catholic clergy, his rehabilitation of the Holocaust-denying bishop Richard Williamson, and his decree paving the way for the beatification and sainthood of the war-time Pope, Pius XII, who stands accused of failing to speak out against the Holocaust. We also request the Prime Minister to assure us that the Pope's visit will not be financed by the British taxpayer."

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How to create a PR disaster

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William Crawley | 13:10 UK time, Friday, 16 July 2010

vaticanx-topper-medium.jpgThe Vatican has done it again. In their effort to show that they are dealing seriously with clerical abuse by priests, they have managed to provoke a storm of protests around the world, with headlines such as this (in The Times): "". This entire debacle is yet another example of a Vatican media operation that is disconnected from the rest the world.

How did it all go wrong? First, the Vatican decided to publish a set of revisions to the church's Canon Law, which incorporate changes in practice that have taken place in recent years. These guidelines are described in Church law as "Normae de gravioribus delictis", or "Norms concerning the most serious crimes". (Read the fully revised text . The new norms are described .)

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Open Thread

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William Crawley | 00:37 UK time, Friday, 16 July 2010

talktalk.jpgI don't often post an open thread, but some of you tell me it's a good idea because it lets you get stuff off your chest without throwing the direction of other threads. It also permits you to make suggestions about subjects we might give some more substantial space to on Will & Testament. Let's see. Expatiate at will (sorry about the pun). Keep it legal. The house rules still apply.

Godwin's Law

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William Crawley | 20:22 UK time, Wednesday, 14 July 2010

_48358790_hitler.jpgOr "As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches 1". And, generally speaking, invoking the nazi analogy is rarely a good idea. Jon Gaunt's failed legal challenge prompts Andrew McFarlane to ask, Is it ever OK to call someone a Nazi?

US Presbyterians vote to ordain gay ministers

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William Crawley | 11:00 UK time, Monday, 12 July 2010

PCUSA.jpgThe governing body of America's largest Presbyterian denomination has on non-celibate gay candidates being ordained. The voted (317-208) to overturn the church's current law which requires all ministers or candidates for ministry to "to live either in fidelity within the covenant of marriage between a man and a woman, or chastity in singleness." Since that decision represents a significant change in church law, it must now be confirmed by a majority of the denomination's 173 regional presbyteries. Those presbyteries recently on same-sex relationships. Nevertheless, their support for this constitutional change is not a forgone conclusion; they have been refused to support similar measures in the past.

The Presbyterian Church (USA) is a sister church of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland; its founder is often said to be, an Irish Presbyterian from Donegal. PC (USA)'s membership is currently estimated to be in the region of 2.1 million, with more than13,400 ministers and 10, 700 congregations.

In 2003, Australia's largest Presbyterian denomination, the, allowing non-celibate gay and lesbian candidates to be considered for ordination. Since then, dissenting ministers and congregations have threatened to split the denomination.

Are you offended by evangelism?

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William Crawley | 20:39 UK time, Saturday, 10 July 2010

arguing-evangelism1.jpgLast week Pope Benedict announced the setting up of a new in countries where he says progressive secularization is eclipsing "the sense of God."

But who is listening? And, anyway, is there really an imperative on Christians to convert their fellow humans or, for that matter for Jews, Muslims, or humanists, to be persuaders for their beliefs? Some say those who try to convert others are insulting their neighbours, or threatening them with divine judgment if they refuse to tow a particular theological line. Is evangelism, then, a form of religious abuse? I'll be debating the rights and wrongs of evangelism tomorrow on Sunday Sequence with Catholic Bishop Donal McKeown, Brian McClinton, editor of Humanism Ireland magazine, and the Jewish scholar Geoffrey Alderman.

What's been your experience of evangelism? Is it a healthy or unhealthy feature of religious life in the 21st century?

Does marriage work?

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William Crawley | 16:02 UK time, Friday, 9 July 2010

marriage_is_a_great_institution_for_those_who_like_tshirt-p235845880341488717t5tr_400.jpgA new report from the challenges a long-held belief of churches and government's alike that the institution of marriage, rather than cohabitation, makes relationships between parents more stable. Read their report .

Money quote;

"Our findings suggest that while it is true that cohabiting parents are more likely to split up than married ones, there is very little evidence to suggest that this is due to a causal effect of marriage. Instead, it seems simply that different sorts of people choose to get married and have children, rather than to have children as a cohabiting couple, and that those relationships with the best prospects of lasting are the ones that are most likely to lead to marriage. Our analysis suggests, therefore, that if more cohabiting parents decide to get married, it is very unlikely that a significant number would become more likely to stay together. It also means that it is highly unlikely that the increasing rate of childbearing among cohabiting couples has caused an increased likelihood of break-up among parents."

There are a number of factors associated with stability in a relationship, and others which make separation more likely. Some of these factors are related the relationship's social and economic context; others are factors brought to the relationship by the couples themselves. The IFS study identifies a number of other relevant characteristics in their model:

1. Ethnicity: the mother being Black (Caribbean or African) is associated with a greater probability of separation and the mother being Indian with a lower probability of separation (relative to being White).
2. Religion: the mother being a Christian (relative to having no religion) has a negative association with the probability of separation;
3. Family history: the mother's own parents having separated has a positive association with the probability of separation;
4. Education: the mother having a low level of education has a positive association with the probability of separation;
5. Income: having a low household income has a positive association with the probability of separation; not owning their own home has a positive association with the probability of separation;
6. Age: the mother being young (in particular having a teenage pregnancy) has a positive association with the probability of separation;
7. Pregnancy: having an unplanned pregnancy has a positive association with the probability of separation;
8. Relationships: higher relationship quality of the parents reported when the child is 9 months old has a negative.

What is justice?

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William Crawley | 11:14 UK time, Monday, 5 July 2010

4815066_220066t.jpgI seem to be thinking a lot about justice these days. I recently finished reading Michael Sandel's new book, , based on (which has a on the theme of justice). Then came Amartya Sen 's new book, , which has been lauded (by Hilary Putnam, no less) as "the most important contribution to the subject since John Rawls' A Theory of Justice" in 1971. TIME magazine recently named Sen as one of the top 100 thinkers in the world. One can see why. Some books are noteworthy, others are important, but few are, in any proper sense, significant. This is one. I'm about to interview Amartya Sen about his book. I'll write some reflections tomorrow. Sen was awarded the for his contributions to welfare and development economics.

Meanwhile, you can on the political philosophy blog Public Reason.

Update: We had a fascinating conversation at Queen's University last night, ahead of the award of an honorary degree today to Professor Sen. Amartya Sen's book offers a theory of justice that is counter-cultural by the lights of today's dominant political philosophy. There is no agreement on what constitutes "justice"; but the attempt to define justice dominates philosophical debates about the subject. Sen suggests an alternative, comparative approach. Justice campaigners like Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typically motivated by sense of injustice in the world. This should shape philosophical discussions in the future, Sen argues. Theorists should aim to reduce the injustice we find in the world, bit by bit, rather than focus exclusively on framing the necessary and sufficient criteria for "justice". When we sense injustice in the world, we should engage in a scutinizing conversation to understand why we perceive injustice. That conversation should take in as many diverse voices as possible, and should have a global reach. Thus, it is appropriate that a US judge, in forming an opinion about the justice of capital punishment, should consider the views of jurists beyond the borders of the United States. That's only the slightest indication of where Sen's book goes in its effort to reorientate contemporary discussions about injustice. If you had to sum it up in a mantra, you might say: Most philosophers seek to explain justice, when the real challenge is overcoming injustice.

Presbyterian Moderator welcomes visit by Pope Benedict

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William Crawley | 12:19 UK time, Sunday, 4 July 2010

ian.jpgmod.jpgThe Moderator of theh says he welcomes the state and feels no sense of threat from it. Dr Norman Hamilton was speaking on today's Sunday Sequence in response to Dr Ian Paisley's claim that invitation to the Pope was "a mistake".

Dr Hamilton, who leads Northern Ireland's largest Protestant denomination, said: "Her Majesty certainly doesn't think it was a mistake, otherwise she wouldn't have invited him ... I will accept Her Majesty's judgment on this rather than Dr Paisley's . . . Her Majesty will welcome the Pope and I am very content to go along with her welcome to the Pope to Scotland and England."

popetour.jpgWhen I asked the Moderator if he would accept an invitation to meet Pope Benedict during the state visit, he said he would have no difficulty meeting the Pope in a non-religious context. "If Her Majesty were to host a dinner at Holyrood, then as a loyal subject I wouldn't think it proper to decline her invitation," he said.

He continued, "As someone who is committed to Christ, I have no sense of threat or fear by the visit of any world leader to our country, whether he be a political or a faith leader or a cultural leader. I have to say I don't feel undermined, I don't feel diminished, I don't feel undervalued by any visitor to these shores. No am I diminished or undervalued."

An Introduction to the Old Testament: Lecture 24

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William Crawley | 16:33 UK time, Friday, 2 July 2010

scripture.jpg

This week we reach the end of our journey through the books of the Old Testament. In this final lecture, Professor Christine Hayes from Yale University takes a look at Esther and Jonah, and offers some concluding reflections on how to read and understand the Hebrew Bible today. I am enormously grateful to Professor Hayes for allowing us to sit in on her Yale course.

Concluding the course, she writes: "The literature of the Hebrew Bible relates the odyssey of Israel from its earliest beginnings in the stories of individual Patriarchs worshiping a Canaanite deity to its maturity as a nation forced by history to look beyond its own horizons and concerns. The Israelites were lifted up to become something greater than they could ever have planned. They came to see themselves as God's servants to the world, at the same time that they struggled and argued with their God and criticized themselves for their very human weaknesses and failings."

"From another vantage point, the Bible can be seen also as an anthology that struggles against great odds to sustain a peoples' covenantal relationship with God . . . Do all these books contradict each other? No more than I contradict myself when I say that today I feel happy, but yesterday I felt anxious. Israel's relationship with God has always been a dynamic and a complex one. To each of these books there was a time and a purpose in the past, and as countless readers of the Bible have discovered over the centuries these books offer continued teaching and inspiration in the shifting moments of every age."

Watch, read or listen to .
Watch, read or listen to .
Find out .
Consult the course .
Why is the course on the Will & Testament blog?

Paisley says Pope's visit "a mistake"

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William Crawley | 00:59 UK time, Friday, 2 July 2010

paisley.jpgIt is perhaps a sign of how things have changed in Northern Ireland that comments by the slamming a papal visit to the UK should raise some eyebrows. But Dr Paisley's interview on the ´óÏó´«Ã½ World Service, , will grab some headlines precisely because this is the kind of public rhetoric he has resisted in recent years. He argues that the state visit by Pope Benedict XVI is "a mistake", claims that the invitation was managed in secret, and suggests that no government minister wants anything to do with it.

In March, there was some controversy that they were opposed to Pope Benedict's visit. When Pope John Paul II visited the European Parliament in October 1988, Ian Paisley, then an MEP, , shouting, "I denounce you, Anti-Christ! I refuse you as Christ's enemy and Antichrist with all your false doctrine."

Christopher Hitchens to be treated for cancer

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William Crawley | 22:12 UK time, Thursday, 1 July 2010

hitchens2.jpgThe author and new atheist (indeed "anti-theist") campaigner Christopher Hitchens, 61, has revealed that he has been diagnosed with .

In ", published on the Vanity Fair site, he writes:

"I have been advised by my physician that I must undergo a course of chemotherapy on my esophagus. This advice seems persuasive to me. I regret having had to cancel so many engagements at such short notice."

Does God have a sense of humour?

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William Crawley | 17:31 UK time, Thursday, 1 July 2010

article-1288909-0A293949000005DC-859_468x392.jpgThe of Leicester has apologised for schoolchildren.

Let's face it: you couldn't make this one up.

"Like all Jews, I was probably at a Chinese restaurant."

William Crawley | 11:16 UK time, Thursday, 1 July 2010

alg_kagan_obama_biden.jpgThat's how US Supreme Court nominee responded to a question from Senator Jeff Sessions (Republican-Alabama), , about where she was on Christmas Day, when a Nigerian Muslim tried to blow up a Detroit-bound airliner. If confirmed, Elena Kagan will become the fourth female Justice in the US Supreme Court's history, the eighth Jewish judge to serve, and the third Jewish Justice in the current Court. and how it helped shape her legal mind.

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