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I joined the British Merchant Navy as a radio officer in 1939, when I had just reached the age of seventeen. I had two voyages as second radio officer,then I became a chief radio officer. I left the sea after the war ended.

My voyages were confined to the Atlantic, with one voyage to the Barentz Sea, one one to the Mediterranean.

My second ship was a petrol tanker which was hit by a magnetic mine off Swansea, but it did not sink and was towed on to the beach.