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Suicide of Castlereagh, Peel and Criminal Reform
In 1822 George IV was king. Queen Caroline and Princess Charlotte, their only child, were dead. William, duke of Clarence was heir to the throne and Victoria was just three years old. Lord Castlereagh committed suicide. He had guided the nation's foreign policy through seven dangerous years, rewriting the political and diplomatic laws of Europe after the defeat of Napoleon. Castlereagh was overworked. He became deranged and on 13th August 1822 he cut his own throat. This brought about a new age in Tory government. Liverpool was Prime Minister, Peel went to the Home Office, Huskisson to the Board of Trade and Canning replaced Castlereagh as foreign secretary.
The rooms are generally about fifteen feet wide, and from twenty three to thirty six feed in length, and contain in each of them, day and night, from ten to fifteen men, when the prison is not crowded; but doubt that number have occasionally been placed in them ........ No bedding is provided: the poorer description of prisoners sleep on the boards, between two rugs given by the city; those who can afford it hire beds at sixpence the night, from persons who carry on this traffic with the prison. The allowance of food to debtors is fourteen ounces of bread a day ... to the debtors no coals or candles, no mops or pails are given ....  
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