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3 Oct 2014

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This Sceptred Isle

Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Penance, Rebellion and Ireland
Henry II was repentant of the murder of Becket. He spent years atoning for his guilt making pilgrimages to the shrine of the archbishop. He made his peace with the Pope.

Finally he turned his attentions to Ireland. The Pope was unhappy about the way the Church was managed in Ireland. For example, the bishopric, the see of Armagh, was hereditary; eight bishops appeared to be married and had children; others did not even appear to have been ordained. Pope Alexander approved of Henry's expedition.

The King landed at Waterford on 17th October 1171. Only the kings of Tyrone and Tyrconnel refused to pay him homage. He built a palace at Dublin and within a year, supported by the Pope, he was recognised as Lord of Ireland. This, of course, was not the end of Irish story Henry did not understand that as soon as he left Ireland they would forget their allegiance to him.

Henry had certainly strengthened his powers in other areas. Through the marriage of his daughters he had forged links with Scicily, Castile and Saxony.

His success was undoubtedly marred by the treachery of his own sons: John; Henry; Geoffrey and Richard. They planned no less than four rebellions against their father. He died heartbroken after being defeated in a war fought against Henry, his heir, and his youngest son, John, on 6th July 1189 with only one son, Geoffrey at his bedside.

RICHARD DE CLARE (c. 1130-1176)

  • 2nd Earl of Pembroke commonly known as Strongbow
  • Lost his earldom on the accession of Henry II
  • Stephen's man
  • In 1166 he married Aeoife of Leinster and in 1170 went to Ireland
  • Occupied Dublin and Waterford and in 1171 became Earl of Leinster thus precipitating Henry II's invasion of Ireland
  • Recognised as Earl of Leinster and became Henry's representative in Ireland

did you know?
Henry II sought to regain the Pope's favour by his invasion of Ireland. He was so successful that the Pope invited him to lead a new Crusade and become King of Jerusalem.

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Chronology
1154Henry II becomes king
Nicholas Breakspear becomes Pope Adrian IV
1155Henry receives papal bull to conquer and rule Ireland
1162Thomas Becket becomes archbishop of Canterbury
1164Constitutions of Clarendon are issued
1165William I, the Lion, of Scots
1170Richard de Clare invades Ireland
1177Henry II's youngest son, John, is made lord of Ireland
1183Henry the Young King dies
1189Henry is defeated by his son Richard and Philip II Augustus of France
Richard I, the Lionheart, becomes king

SOME IRISH CLERGY OUT OF FAVOUR WITH THE POPE
Christian, Bishop of Lismore
Gilbert, Archbishop of Armagh
Donat, Archbishop of Cashel
Laurence, Archbishop of Dublin
Catholicus, Archbishop of Tuam


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