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1939 to 1947

During World War Two, ‘enemy ’, including Germans and many members of the large Italian community, were again . Some were sent by ship to Canada. However, after a German submarine sank one of the ships, the Arandora Star in 1940, most were freed.

Just as in World War One, during World War Two large numbers of colonial troops fought for Britain. The merchant convoys had a large proportion of African, Arab and Indian seamen, many of them from port cities such as Cardiff and Liverpool.

After the Nazi invasion of Poland and during World War Two, some 160,000 Polish arrived in Britain and many Poles served in the Allied armed forces. After the war, the 1947 Polish Act allowed them to stay and be joined by their families.

A photograph of Polish refugee children from the Polish-German border arrive in London just before the Germans crossed the Polish frontier
Image caption,
Polish refugee children from the Polish-German border arriving in London just before the Germans crossed the Polish frontier