Musical description
Structure
Beethoven wrote the first movement in sonata form:
- introduction - bars 1 to 10
- exposition - bars 11 to 132:
- first subject - bars 11 to 34
- transition bars - 35 to 50
- second subject - bars 51 to 120
- codetta - bars 121 to 132
- development - bars 133 to 194
- recapitulation - bars 195 to 294
- coda - bars 295 to 310
Dynamics
The full work spans \(pp\) to \(ff\) and includes accentNote played with a stronger attack.. The introduction opens at \(Fp\) - a dynamic not possible before the piano was invented. Sudden dynamic contrasts include \(Sf\) (sforzandoOr sf - suddenly, with force.) to \(p\) in just one beat in bar 4. The first subject starts \(p\) and crescendoA gradual increase in loudness in a piece of music. to aid the excitement bars in 15 to 18. By bar 132 there is another \(ff\).
Texture
The introduction is homophonicA texture based on chords. with very heavy, low chordA collection of usually three notes played together.. The first subject includes descending broken chords in bars 29 and 33, which moves into harmony. An antiphonal A melody performed by two distinctly separate groups at separate times. effect is created by crossed hands in bars 51 to 80 and an Alberti bassBroken chord played in the note order of low, high, middle, high. is played in bar 89.
Rhythm
Dotted rhythms and short rhythms are included in bars 9 and 10. The exposition includes some syncopationRhythm patterns where stressed notes are placed off the beat. - bars 13 and 19 - and persistent quavers are played throughout the allegroFast. section, except for the second subject.
Instrumentation
The full work spans five and a half octaveInterval of eight notes, eg middle C to the C above. - nearly the full range of notes on a piano. contrary motionMusical lines moving in an opposite direction. is used in bars 105 to 110 and a murky bassAccompanying聽bass in broken octaves. is frequently present, for example, in bar 11 in the left hand.