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Beethoven: Piano Sonata No.8, first movement - EdexcelMusical description

Ludwig van Beethoven and the piano were two of the most exciting new qualities of music in the 18th century and both are showcased in his Sonata Op.13 No.8 in C minor, Path茅tique, first movement.

Part of MusicInstrumental music 1700 to 1820

Musical description

Structure

Beethoven wrote the first movement in sonata form:

  1. introduction - bars 1 to 10
  2. exposition - bars 11 to 132:
    • first subject - bars 11 to 34
    • transition bars - 35 to 50
    • second subject - bars 51 to 120
    • codetta - bars 121 to 132
  3. development - bars 133 to 194
  4. recapitulation - bars 195 to 294
  5. coda - bars 295 to 310

Dynamics

The full work spans \(pp\) to \(ff\) and includes . The introduction opens at \(Fp\) - a dynamic not possible before the piano was invented. Sudden dynamic contrasts include \(Sf\) () to \(p\) in just one beat in bar 4. The first subject starts \(p\) and to aid the excitement bars in 15 to 18. By bar 132 there is another \(ff\).

A staircase of dynamic markings starting with the softest to the loudest sound from Beethoven's Piano Sonata No.8
Figure caption,
The range of dynamics associated with Western Classical music

Texture

The introduction is with very heavy, low . The first subject includes descending broken chords in bars 29 and 33, which moves into harmony. An effect is created by crossed hands in bars 51 to 80 and an is played in bar 89.

Rhythm

Dotted rhythms and short rhythms are included in bars 9 and 10. The exposition includes some - bars 13 and 19 - and persistent quavers are played throughout the section, except for the second subject.

Instrumentation

The full work spans five and a half - nearly the full range of notes on a piano. is used in bars 105 to 110 and a is frequently present, for example, in bar 11 in the left hand.

The intervals between the left and the right hand parts of the piano augment