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Interpreting and describing dataTypes of correlation

Data is presented in different ways across diagrams, charts and graphs. These can be studied to find specific information or to identify patterns, known as trends, in whole groups of data. These findings can then be summarised and described in words.

Part of MathsData analysis

Types of correlation

Positive correlation

If there is a correlation between two sets of data, it means they are connected in some way.

Scatter diagram showing positive correlation between temperature and number of ice creams sold.

As the temperature increases, the number of ice-creams sold increases. The results are approximately in a straight line, with a positive gradient. Therefore there is a positive correlation.

Negative correlation

This scattergraph shows the connection between the number of weeks a song has been in the Top 40 and sales of the single for that week.

Scatter diagram showing negative correlation between number of weeks a song has been in the Top 40 and the sales of the single for that week.

There is a definite connection between the two sets of data, as the results are approximately in a straight line.

As the number of weeks increases, sales decrease. The line has a negative gradient and therefore a negative correlation.

No correlation

The following scatter diagram shows the connection between a person's house number and their IQ (one measure of intelligence).

Scatter diagram showing no correlation between IQ and house number

There is no connection between these values and this is shown by the scattergraph.