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Skeletal system - EdexcelMuscular-skeletal system

The skeleton is the central structure of the body and is made up of bones, joints and cartilage. The skeleton provides the framework for muscles and gives the body its defined human shape.

Part of Physical EducationApplied anatomy and physiology

Muscular-skeletal system

An explanation of how the muscular-skeletal system functions during physical exercise

The muscular system works in conjunction with the skeleton to produce movement of the limbs and body.

Ligaments and tendons are two main types of connective tissues that help the muscular-skeletal system produce movements.

Ligaments:

  • attach bone to bone
  • act to give stability to joints
  • are tough, white and inelastic

Tendons:

  • attach muscle to bone
  • carry the force from muscle contraction to the bone
  • are tough, greyish and inelastic

The muscles contract to pull on the bones to produce movements. Joints are able to move in a variety of directions to allow us to perform a range of sporting movements.

An analysis of a netball shot shows how the muscular-skeletal system works together to produce this throw.

Two phases of a netball shot and how the muscular-skeletal system works together to make this shot possible.
JointType of movementBonesMusclesMuscle contraction
Phase 1ElbowFlexionHumerus, radius, ulnaBiceps, tricepsConcentric
Phase 2ElbowExtensionHumerus, radius, ulnaTriceps, bicepsConcentric
Phase 1
JointElbow
Type of movementFlexion
BonesHumerus, radius, ulna
MusclesBiceps, triceps
Muscle contractionConcentric
Phase 2
JointElbow
Type of movementExtension
BonesHumerus, radius, ulna
MusclesTriceps, biceps
Muscle contractionConcentric

Question

Complete the table to analyse a rugby conversion kick.

Two phases of a rugby conversion kick and how the muscular-skeletal system works together to make this action possible.
JointType of movementBonesMusclesMuscle contraction
Phase 1Knee
Phase 2Knee
Phase 1
JointKnee
Type of movement
Bones
Muscles
Muscle contraction
Phase 2
JointKnee
Type of movement
Bones
Muscles
Muscle contraction