Primary and secondary infection
Vaccination acts as a The first time an organism becomes infected by a particular pathogen. that results in a more rapid immune response to a secondary infection.
During the primary infection the antibodies slowly increase, peak at around ten days and then gradually decrease. This primary infection results in the production of memory cells that remain in the bloodstream.
A second exposure to the same pathogen causes the white blood cells to respond quickly in order to produce lots of the relevant antibodies, which prevents infection.
The antibodies are produced so quickly by the White blood cells (lymphocytes) that remain in the body after the immune response to an infection has finished. They reproduce rapidly if the body is re-infected, producing a faster and greater immune response. that the pathogen is killed off before it can make the person ill. This is called being immune to a disease or having When a person's body is not prone to a disease because they have a resistance to it..
Adjuvants
Adjuvants may be added to a vaccine to boost the immune response. They help to produce more antibodies and longer-lasting immunity and, as a result, smaller amounts of antigens are needed.
Aluminum hydroxide and paraffin oil are two of the most common adjuvants.