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Time, geology and people all play a part in soil formation. There are three main British soils - podzol, brown earth and gley. Each soil has distinctive properties.

Maps represent the real world. Atlas maps show large areas and Ordnance Survey maps show smaller areas in more detail. Sketch maps, satellite images, photos, GIS maps and geology maps are all useful.

Geography fieldwork involves formulating an enquiry question, gathering data, analysing the results and reaching conclusions. Fieldwork is often written up as a report.